利用活性初沉池改善进水水质与强化生物脱氮研究  

Activated Primary Clarifier for Improving Wastewater Characteristic and Enhancing Biological Nitrogen Removal

作　　者：王佳伟[1] 李伟[1] 曹祥博[1] 马文谨[1] 常江[1] 甘一萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京城市排水集团有限责任公司,北京100022

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2010年第23期1-5,9,共6页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07314-008)

摘　　要：建有初沉池的污水处理厂通常都不能满足生物脱氮除磷对碳源的需求，而取消初沉池则会增加好氧池的曝气能耗并降低生物处理工艺的稳定性。利用初沉污泥发酵来增加生物可利用的碳源被证明是行之有效的方法，其中利用活性初沉池进行污泥发酵是最为简单、改造费用最低的一种发酵方式，但其发酵效果难于控制。以北京高碑店污水厂的升级改造工程为背景，开展了将普通初沉池改造成活性初沉池的生产性试验。结果表明，活性初沉池中典型的污泥层高度为0．22～0．54m，仅为普通初沉池池边水深的5％～12％；与未改造的普通初沉池相比，经改造后的活性初沉池出水VFA、SBOD5、COD、C／N、C／P值分别增加了48．8％、45．3％、20．5％、66．2％、26．2％；活性初沉池系列的缺氧反硝化效果明显好于普通初沉池系列的，缺氧末端的硝酸盐氮浓度均值分别为3．4和8．9mg／L。因此，将普通初沉池改造成活性初沉池是实现节能降耗和稳定达标的有效措施。WWTP with conventional primary clarifier （CPC） often can not meet the requirement for carbon source in biological nutrient removal. Moreover, the cancellation of CPC can increase the aeration energy consumption and decrease the biological treatment process stability. The primary sludge fermentation is one of the effective ways to increase carbon source, of which fermentation in activated primary clarifier （APC） is one of the simplest and lowest reconstruction cost methods. However, the shortcoming of APC is difficult to control the fermentation performance. Based on Beijing Gaobeidian WWTP upgrade project, a full-scale test was conducted by reconstructing CPC into APC. The results show that a typical sludge blanket height in APC is in range of 0.22 to 0.54 m, accounting for only 5% to 12% of the side water height in CPC. The values of VFA, SBODs, COD, C/N, C/P in the effluent of APC are 48.8% , 45.3% , 20.5% , 66.2% and 26.2% respectively higher than those in the effluent of CPC. The denitrifieation performance in APC （3.4 mg/L NO3^- -N in the end of anoxic zone） is obviously better than that in CPC （8.9 mg/L NO3^- - N in the end of anoxic zone）. Therefore, reconstructing CPC into APC is one of effective measures for energy saving and stable biological nutrient removal.

关 键 词：活性初沉池 污泥层高度 污泥发酵 生物脱氮 节能降耗 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]