基于美感的山地森林景观视觉设计——以卧佛寺林场为例  

Forest Landscape Design Approach Based on Visual Aesthetic:Taking Forest Farm of the Temple of Sleeping Buddha as an Example

作　　者：李江婧[1] 贾黎明[1] 汪平[1] 任云卯 王奇峰 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室 [2]北京市西山试验林场

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报（社会科学版）》2010年第4期44-52,共9页Journal of Beijing Forestry University ：Social Sciences

基　　金：北京市科技计划课题(公益应用类)"北京市宜居城市绿化体系功能与布局研究"(Z00060660000701);北京市教育委员会科学研究与科研基地建设项目"北京生态公益林高效抚育与碳储量测定关键技术研究"(SYSBL2009);北京市教育委员会学科与研究生教育建设项目"北京市生态公益林质量升级关键技术研究产学研联合培养研究生基地"(CXYBL2008-2010)

摘　　要：随着森林游憩业的迅速发展,人们越来越关注山地森林景观的整体视觉质量。鉴于森林景观之美构成的复杂多样性,国内对于森林景观视觉质量的高低没有统一的评价标准,也缺乏一套完善的设计理论。而森林景观的视觉设计早已在国外引起重视,并形成以英国的主动设计途径和美国的视觉管理系统为主的理论体系。从中国审美观出发,研究了中国传统文化中的美学观念,从大家所认可的中国古典园林、山水画、古村落中提炼出美学的设计原则,并结合国外的设计理论,最终总结出了以人为本、曲径通幽、同势而构、斑块融合、柔化边界、精于体宜、特色背景协调统一、季相变化、适地适树、意境营造10条设计原则。同时,以北京西山卧佛寺林场为例,利用总结的10条设计原则对森林景观的视觉问题进行分析,并提出相应的调整方案。With rapid development of forest recreation, more attention is paid to visual quality of overall mountain forest landscape. Due to the complexity and diversity of beauty of forest landscape, there is no uniform standard for visual quality of forest landscape in China, and a perfect design theory is not existed. Concerns about visual design of forest landscape have driven many countries to form theoretical systems which are dominated by proactive design approach （PDA） of British and visual management system （VMS） of American. This paper studies the aesthetic concept of Chinese traditional euhure, extracts design principles of aesthetic from classical gardens, landscape paintings and ancient villages. Combining foreign design theories, the authors conclude ten design principles, i. e. people-oriented, a winding path leading to a secluded place, constructing landscape according to the lie of a mountain, integration of forest patches, with soft boundary, suitable scale and location, coordination of characteristics and background, season changes, matching site with trees, and building the imagery. Taking the Forest Farm of Temple of Sleeping Buddha in Beijing as an example, visual problems are analyzed.

关 键 词：山地森林景观 视觉设计 审美观 主动设计途径 视觉管理系统 卧佛寺林场 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]