中国流动人口的就业特征及其影响因素——与留守人口的比较研究  

Migrant Employment in Urban China:Characteristics and Determinants——A Comparative Study with Rural Left-behind People

作　　者：宋健[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心

出　　处：《人口研究》2010年第6期32-42,共11页Population Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"中国流动人口问题研究"(项目批准号:07JZD0027);中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目"独生子女时代的中国社会政策研究"(项目批准号:10XNJ025)阶段性成果

摘　　要：文章从比较研究的视角,实证分析了流入地流动人口与同时期流出地留守人口两个人群的就业特征及其影响因素。结果发现,流动人口的职业呈现出鲜明的"非农化"和地缘性特征,单位依附性增强,但职业地位并未提高。除了地域和个人特征变量之外,就业时间与就业渠道显著影响流动人口的职业选择;出人意料的是,尽管超过半数的留守人口有过外出务工经历,但控制其他变量之后,外出经历对于留守人口的职业选择并没有统计上显著的影响。文章对这些结论的社会意义进行了讨论。Using the migrant survey data in May 2009,we examine the characteristics and determinants of migrant employment in urban China,compared with the situation of their rural ＂left-behind＂ counterparts.Results show that migrants are mainly engaged in non-agricultural occupations with marked geo-characteristics;and their employment pattern has changed from ＂individual operation without employees＂ to ＂permanent/ contract/ temporary workers＂ with more dependence on enterprises and institutions.In addition to regional and individual characteristics,working time and employment channel affect their occupation choices.Despite the fact that more than half of the rural ＂left-behind＂ people have had the experience of being migrant workers,the experience has no significant effect on their occupation after controlling other variables.Implications are discussed in the paper.

关 键 词：流动人口 留守人口 就业 影响因素 比较研究 

分 类 号：D631.42[政治法律—政治学] F249.21[政治法律—中外政治制度]