前置掺气坎式阶梯溢洪道体型特点及工程应用试验研究  

Practical Engineering Application and Hydraulic Characteristics of the Flow in Stepped Spillway with Pre-aerator Slot

作　　者：陈剑刚[1] 张建民[1] 许唯临[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065

出　　处：《四川大学学报（工程科学版）》2010年第6期6-11,共6页Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50479062);教育部重点资助项目(2008108111);新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(NCET-08-0378)

摘　　要：为了避免阶梯溢洪道中前几级阶梯表面发生空蚀破坏,将掺气坎应用到阶梯溢洪道体型设计中,形成前置掺气坎式阶梯溢洪道。这既能充分利用阶梯增加沿程消能的优点,又能扩宽阶梯溢洪道的应用范围。工程模型试验成果表明,通过对掺气坎和阶梯的体型优化,各级流量的消能率均达到70%左右。1:40物理模型试验上实测溢洪道阶梯竖直面后的掺气浓度沿程分布均大于5%。研究表明这种新型阶梯溢洪道掺气量与掺气浓度易于控制,底部掺气充分,抗空蚀性能优越,消能率高,可以在高水头、大单宽流量溢洪道中推广应用。The hydraulic characteristics of smooth spillway,stepped spillway and pre-aerator stepped spillway were studied.The experimental investigations showed that the pre-aerator equipment can not only keep the stepped spillway＇s large energy dissipation ratio but also protect the step＇s surface from cavitation erosion by controlling the aeration concentration in stepped spillway.Model test results indicated that the energy dissipation ratio of the pre-aerator stepped spillway can reach to 70% at various discharge.The measured value of the aeration concentration was bigger than 5% at the vertical surface of steps.The pre-aerator stepped spillway had a better characteristic of against cavitation erosion and its energy dissipation ratio was higher than that of the smooth spillway.The pre-aerator stepped spillway can be applied to the practical engineering with high water head and large unit discharge（exceed to 50 m3 /s）.

关 键 词：前置掺气坎 阶梯溢洪道 水力特性 掺气减蚀 

分 类 号：TV135[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]