松果采摘对小兴安岭主要林型红松土壤种子库和幼苗库的影响  

Effect of Anthropogenic Cone-picking on Seed Bank and Seedling Bank of Korean Pine in the Major Forest Types in Lesser Hing'an Mountains

作　　者：金光泽[1] 杨桂燕[1] 马建章[2] 李兰军[1] 徐正刚[1] 赵雪[1] 洪美静[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2010年第11期1845-1854,共10页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30770350);林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200904012);高等教育科学研究"十一五"规划课题(115C-782);东北林业大学本科生创新性实验项目(2007042)

摘　　要：为了探讨人为采摘松果对小兴安岭主要林型红松(Pinus koraiensis)土壤种子库和幼苗库的影响,选择阔叶红松林以及与阔叶红松林相邻的红松人工林、落叶松(Larix gmelini)人工林、白桦(Betula platyphylla)林和云冷杉林,各设置10 m×240 m的样带,调查了红松土壤种子库和幼苗库。主要结果如下:①主要林型间红松土壤种子库数量具有明显的差异,阔叶红松林最多,落叶松人工林次之,白桦林最少;②鼠类取食过或被破坏等动物侵害的种子占81.9%～90.4%,完好种子只有在阔叶红松林和落叶松人工林中发现,分别为4.3%和4.9%;③红松种子主要分布在0～10 cm层中(71.4%～91.3%);④红松幼苗库的密度云冷杉林最高(1 613株.hm-2),红松人工林最低(167株.hm-2),其中阔叶红松林(296株.hm-2)和白桦林(854株.hm-2)的幼苗密度分别为采摘前的1/68～1/9和1/9～1/4.5;⑤从龄级分布上看,松果采摘前阔叶红松林低龄级幼苗的数量较多,随着龄级的增大明显减少,呈倒J型分布;白桦林各龄级幼苗密度相差不大。人为采摘松果后,阔叶红松林各龄级间密度相差不大;白桦林呈倒J型分布。To study the effect of anthropogenic cone picking on the seed bank and seedling bank of Korean pine（Pinus koraiensis） in the major forest types in Lesser Hing’an Mountains,mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest,Korean pine plantation near the mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest,Dahurian larch（Larix gmelini） plantation,white birch（Betula platyphylla） forest and spruce-fir forest were selected.In each of these forest types,sample belts with the size of 10 m×240 m were made to study the seed bank and seedling bank of Korean pine.The results showed： 1） The amount of Korean pine seed bank differed greatly with forest types.The largest amount of seed bank was shown in the mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest,followed by the Dahurian larch plantation,spruce-fir forest,Korean pine plantation and white birch forest.2） Seeds that were cracked or destroyed by rodents and other animals accounted for 81.9%-90.4% of the seed bank of those major forest types;intact seeds were only found in the mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest and Dahurian larch plantation,with 4.3% and 4.9%,respectively.3） Korean pine seeds were mostly distributed in the 0-10 cm soil layer（71.4%-91.3% of the seed bank of those major forest types）.4） The density of Korean pine seedling bank was the highest in Dahurian larch forest（1613 seedlings·hm-2）,lowest in Korean pine plantation（167 seedlings·hm-2）,Korean pine seedling density in the mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest（293 seedlings·hm-2） and white birch forest（854 seedlings·hm-2） were 1/68-1/9 and 1/9-1/4.5 of the seedling bank before cone picking,respectively.5） For the age class distribution,before cone picking,in the mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest,the amount of Korean pine seedlings decreased as the age class increased,the age class distribution showed a reverse J-shaped distribution;in the white birch forest,density of the Korean pine seedlings was relatively the same in each of the age class.After cone picking,in the mixed broad-leaved

关 键 词：阔叶红松林 土壤种子库 幼苗库 小兴安岭 红松 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学] S791.247