籼粳交加倍单倍体后代性状遗传的研究  

The Inheritance of Characters of Doubled Haploid(DH) Derived from Indica/Japonica Hybrid F1 Anther Culture of Rice

作　　者：陈英[1] 何平[1] 陆朝福 徐云碧[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传研究所,北京100101 [2]浙江农业大学农学系,浙江杭州310029

出　　处：《作物学报》1999年第4期451-457,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家"八五"攻关资助项目课题

摘　　要：对一个典型的籼/粳组合、窄叶青8号/京系17的F_1花药进行培养,所获二倍体花粉植株除约20％自然结实率为0外,其余植株的结实率在1%至正常结实之间,65％株系在75％以上,并稳定地传至自交后代。对130多个加倍单倍体（DH）多种性状的遗传进行了研究与分析,结果表明,花药培养可以克服籼/粳后代包括育性在内的各种性状长期分离不易稳定的严重障碍。生育期、株高、每穗粒数及千粒重等数量性状均为连续分布,呈正态曲线,为多基因控制。涉及籼与粳分类的一些性状,如叶毛、稃毛、酚反应、落粒性等的遗传,有的为一对主基因控制,有的为多基因决定。根据程氏形态指数对各个DH系的籼、粳属性进行分类,可以看到除籼型与粳型株系各占14％外,其余为各种偏籼和偏粳类型,形态指数也基本上呈正态分布。两个亲本均为早、中熟品种,但光温反应有所不同。DH群体对光温反应是多种多样的,既有不感光也不感温类型,也有对光温反应均较强类型等。各种性状都出现超亲分离,表明亚种间杂种的性状遗传存在大量多基因累加和互补作用。同时对籼/粳杂种不育的原因与产生的机理进行了讨论。A doubled haploid population derived from anther culture of a typical indica and japonica cross, ZYQ8/JX17 F1 was used to investigate the characters'inheritance of intersub-specific hybrid. 20% of regenerated diploid plants obtained were fully sterile and the rest had seed setting ranging from 1% to normal fertile, of which 65% lines had fertility more than 75% and stablely transferred to progenies. Over 130 DH lines were used for genetic analysis. The results indicated that the serious segregation of characters including fertility in indica/japonica hybrid progenies for long time might be overcome through anther culture. The quantitative characters, such as growing period, plant height, no. of spikelets per panicle and grain weight etc. , presented normal distribution controlled by polygenes. As to the inheritance of characters concerned taxonomy of indica and japonica, such as leaf hairness, hairness of hull, phenol reaction and seed sheding etc. , some might be controlled by a pair of main genes, and the other by poly-genes. The DH lines could be classified into indica, indica-linous, japonica-linous and japonica types according to Cheng's morphological index. The four types were 14, 38, 33. 9 and 14 percent in frequency separately. The morphological index of DH lines basically showed normal distri-bution. The parents both were early-middle maturing varieties but different each other to pho-tothermo reaction. The reaction of DH lines to photo-thermo was various. There were strong photosensitivity, more thermosensitive and not photosensitive, neither photosensitive nor ther-mosensitive as well as strong reaction to photo and thermo types in the DH population. The transgressive segregation of various characters indicated that there existed a large number comple-mental and additive effect of genes in characters' inheritance of intersubspecific hybrid of rice.

关 键 词：籼粳杂交 花药培养 水稻 加倍单倍体 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S511.035.1[农业科学—作物学]