中国盐湖资源与生态环境  

Salt Lake Resources and Eco-environment in China

作　　者：郑绵平[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所 [2]中国地质科学院盐湖与热水资源研究发展中心 [3]国土资源部盐湖资源与环境研究重点实验室,北京100037

出　　处：《地质学报》2010年第11期1613-1622,共10页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(编号1212010511901);国家自然科学重点基金项目(编号40531002)资助项目

摘　　要：中国盐湖区受干旱-半干旱气候控制,现代盐湖主要分布于年降水量<500mm范围内。依据中国盐湖地貌、地质构造条件及物质成分特点,将中国盐湖划分为4个盐湖区,并简述第四纪以来各区由于古气候变化和地质构造活动性不同,而具有各自的盐湖演化特点。由于各区盐湖规模、经济价值和交通技术条件不同,开发利用程度有差异,以吉兰泰盐湖和运城盐湖综合利用和环境保护较好;以察尔汗为代表的钾盐湖开发规模最大。目前中国盐湖区环境还存在很多需要改善的问题,尤其是地处边远的中小型盐湖,采富弃贫、回收率低和单一矿种开采使大量伴生有用组分贫化等。同时,由于气候环境因素也引起盐湖环境的重大变化,在全球变暖的背景下,西北盐湖区,自1987年以来,出现向暖湿转型,湖泊有扩大上升趋势;青藏高原盐湖区则大致从1992年以来,由东往西,相继出现高湖面,显现向暖湿转型;而西北盐湖区仍处于暖干阶段,湖水位下降,盐湖沙化。随着中国全面建设小康和和谐社会的实施,生态环境保护日益受到重视,建议进一步吸取国内外在盐业综合利用、整体开发和环境保护的经验和先进技术,加强盐湖环境变化观察和监测,建设环境友好型的绿色大盐湖产业。The Chinese salt lake mega-region is controlled by the arid and semi-arid climate,and modern salt lakes are mainly distributed within the limits of annual mean precipitation 500 mm.According to the geomorphological features,structural conditions and material compositions,salt lakes in China may be broadly divided into four salt lake regions.The degrees of exploitation and utilization of these salt lakes are different because the four regions have differed in climatic changes and structural activities and have their own characteristics of salt lake evolutions since the beginning of Quaternary,and the salt lakes therein have different scales,economic values and traffic technical conditions.Compared with others,the Jarantai（Jartai）Salt Lake and Yuncheng Salt Lake are better in respect to comprehensive utilization and environmental protection,and the potash salt lakes represented by Qarhan are largest in exploitation scale.At present,there exist many problems about the environment in the salt lake regions of China,especially in remote medium and small basins,where abusive or wasteful mining,low recovery and mining of a single saline mineral alone cause impoverishment of large quantities of by-products.Furthermore,the climatic environmental factor may also cause significant change of the salt lake environment.Since 1987,in the background of global warming,the climate in the northwest salt lake region has turned warm and wet and the lakes have had a tendency of expansion and rise;whereas for east of the region the climate has been still in a warm-dry stage,the lake level has lowered and salt lakes have been desertified.With the implementation of the strategy of building an environmentally friendly society in China,increasing attention is being paid to the eco-environmental protection.It is suggested that experience and advanced techniques in comprehensive utilization,overall development and environmental protection of salt lakes at home and abroad be further extracted so as to strengthen observation and monitoring

关 键 词：中国盐湖资源 盐湖区 气候环境与盐湖演化 盐湖资源合理利用 盐湖环境监测与保护 

分 类 号：P619.211[天文地球—矿床学]