溶浸开采深埋藏杂卤石可行性及溶浸动力学模拟  

Feasibility Study of Leaching Mining of Deeply Buried Polyhalite and Kinetic Leaching Modeling

作　　者：安莲英[1] 殷辉安[1] 唐明林[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学,成都610059

出　　处：《地质学报》2010年第11期1690-1696,共7页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号40473035);中国地质调查局项目(编号1212010011810)资助的成果

摘　　要：我国杂卤石矿资源丰富,由于其较难溶性和深埋藏的特点,至今仍未开发利用。根据杂卤石矿成矿条件分析,该矿具有良好的封闭围岩,具备溶浸开采的基本地质条件。溶浸开采杂卤石的技术关键在于其中有效成分的溶出。理论及实验基础研究表明CaCl2等无机盐溶液可改善杂卤石的溶解性能。溶浸开采可能成为深埋藏杂卤石的开发的有效途径。通过实验考查溶浸剂CaCl2浓度、矿石粒度、渗滤速度、渗滤路径等影响杂卤石溶解过程的技术因素,溶解过程动力学研究结果表明用氯化钙溶液渗滤浸出杂卤石的过程符合В.С.Голубев—Г.Н.Крuчев建立的金属浸出动力学模型即C=CH[1-e-γ(χ-vBt)U-vB]。浸出液中K+浓度同渗滤速度与渗滤路径长度之比呈指数关系。根据溶解实验数据求得钾浸出速率常数及钾充分浸出开始到进入液相所需的时间。当渗滤速度从0.159m/h提高到0.318m/h时,浸出速率常数分别为0.03132h-1和0.04383h-1,金属离子充分浸出开始到进入液相所需的时间由297.528h降为218.997h。地浸开采深埋藏杂卤石可以缓解我国钾盐资源紧缺矛盾。Polyhalite resources are rich in China,but they have not yet been exploited because the polyhalite ore is difficult to dissolve and deep-buried.According to the geological conditions of polyhalite deposit formation,the deposit has good sealed wall rocks and basic geological conditions of leaching mining.The technological key to leaching mining of underground polyhalite is the extraction of effective constitutes from polyhalite.Theoretical and experimental studies show that inorganic solutions such as CaCl2 solution may improve the dissolubility of polyhalite.Leaching mining is probably an effective way for the exploitation of deeply buried polyhalite.The technological factors influencing the dissolution process of polyhalite such as the concentration of the leaching agent CaCl2 solution,grain size of ore,infiltration rate and infiltration path were studied through experiments.The kinetic study of the dissolution process shows that the process of leaching polyhalite with calcium chloride solution accords with the kinetic model of metal leaching model constructed by В.С.Голубев-Г.Н.Крuчев.That is C=CH1-e-γ（χ-vBt）U-vB.There is an exponential relationship between the concentration of K＋ in the leaching solution and the ratio of the infiltration rate to the length of the infiltration path.The constant of the leaching rate of K and the time required from full leaching-out of K to its entrance into the liquid phase were obtained according to the experimental data.When the infiltration rate increased from 0.159 to 0.318 m/h,the leaching rate constants were 0.03132 h-1 and 0.04383 h-1 respectively;the time required from the full extraction of metal ions to their entrance into the liquid phase decreased from 297.528 to 218.997 h.In-situ leaching mining of deeply buried polyhalite can alleviate severe shortages of potash resources in China.

关 键 词：杂卤石 钾 溶浸开采 动力学模拟 

分 类 号：TD87[矿业工程—非金属矿开采]