生物膜中不同种属微生物的交流与合作  

Communication and Cooperation of Different Microorganisms within Biofilms

作　　者：辛秉昌[1,2] 徐仰龙[1] 李艳莉[1] 刘天佳[3] 杨德琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]遵义医学院附属口腔医院口腔内科,遵义563003 [2]青岛市口腔医院预防科,青岛266003 [3]四川大学华西口腔医学院牙体牙髓科,成都610041

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2010年第11期1002-1013,共12页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:30960419);贵州省科技攻关计划(批准号:黔科合S字(2007)1044);遵义医学院博士启动基金(批准号:S-130)资助项目

摘　　要：自然界中的微生物可附着于载体表面形成高度组织化、系统化的微菌落膜性聚合物,即生物膜.与浮游状态的微生物不同,生物膜中不同种属微生物进行着复杂的交流与合作,产生"1+1>2"的非线性相互作用,从而使生物膜在整体上表现出一系列新的生物学特征.生物膜给人们的生活生产带来很多不利的影响,如引起顽固性感染性疾病威胁人类健康、破坏输水管道系统导致工业损失等;但另一方面,生物膜也可发挥积极作用,如降解污染物修复环境,形成生物屏障保护生态等.如何认识生物膜、如何趋利避害使生物膜造福于人类已成为当今世界多领域关注和研究的重要课题.从生物膜的形成、代谢产物与信号分子、水平基因转移及其与外界环境的关系等方面对生物膜中交流与合作的研究进展及意义进行了综述,并提出应从"微生物组学"的高度整体认识生物膜.In the natural environment, planktonic bacteria are capable of attaching to surfaces, and forming systematic micro-colony communities which are known as biofilms. Being distinguished from the planktonic bacteria, all sorts of microorganisms in biofilms are engaged into complex communication and cooperation, generated the nonlinear interaction of ＂1＋1〉2＂. Therefore, it is manifesting a series of new biological characteristics from the entirety of biofilms. The biofilms have many adverse effects on humans, e.g., to induce refractory infectious diseases and threaten the human health, to breakdown the piping system and lead to industry losses. However, just as a double-edged sword, biofilms will bring benefits to us as well, such as remedying the environment by degradation of pollutants and preserving the ecology by formation of biobarriers. How to understand and utilize the biofilms well has become an important research subject in many fields currently. The current status for communication and cooperation of different species in complex biofilm communities was reviewed, which is from different aspects in relation to the development of biofilms, metabolic exchange, signaling molecules, horizontal gene transfer and the communication with the environment. Moreover, a new viewpoint that biofilm research should stride into ＂microbiomics＂ stature is initiated.

关 键 词：细菌 生物膜 信号分子 水平基因转移 交流 合作 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]