西沙群岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类分类学多样性  

Fish taxonomic diversity of coral reef areas in Xisha Islands

作　　者：史赟荣[1,2] 李永振[1] 艾红[1] 陈国宝[1] 卢伟华 李希国 李娜娜[4] 于杰[1] 董丽娜[1,2] 崔科[2] 孙冬芳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东广州510300 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [3]东莞市海洋与渔业环境监测站,广东东莞523079 [4]大连海洋大学生命科学与技术学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《水产学报》2010年第11期1753-1761,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：科技部社会公益研究专项资金项目(2004DIB3J098);广东省科技计划项目(2005B31001005);国家科技基础性工作重点项目(2003DEA6N042);国家农业财政项目(2009-2011)

摘　　要：为评价南中国海西沙群岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类分类学多样性和更好地保护其鱼类,根据西沙群岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类物种组成的历史资料对西沙群岛及其16座岛礁的珊瑚礁水域鱼类物种数目、平均分类差异指数和16座岛礁的G-F多样性指数作了分析。结果显示,西沙共记录鱼类661种,隶属于25目、93科、305属。其中,永兴岛(351种),华光礁(173种),东岛(160种)记录鱼类物种数目较多。西沙鱼类平均分类差异指数(Δ+)约为60.2,各岛礁的Δ+与物种数目无关。中建岛、晋卿岛、玉琢礁等岛礁鱼类平均Δ+显著低于西沙鱼类Δ+。西沙鱼类Δ+小于陆架和河口区鱼类Δ+,说明珊瑚礁海域鱼类亲缘关系比陆架和河口区域的都要接近,此外大尺度上,一般纬度越低,中国海洋鱼类Δ+越小。但G-F多样性测度各指数由物种数目的大小决定,一般物种数目较大的岛礁G-F多样性各指数也相对较高,而RG-F指数更适合该海域鱼类多样性的测度。以石岛为例初步探讨了G-F指数为负的原因,一是物种数目较少,二是多样性测度的关键函数Y=-XLnX并不是单调函数所致;物种数目较大的岛礁如永兴岛、华光礁、东岛等应该成为西沙珊瑚礁海域鱼类保护的重点区域。The aims of this study are were to assess the fish taxonomic diverstity and protect its fishes of coral reef waters in Xisha Islands,which located in South China Sea.Based on the historical data on the fish species composition in coral reef areas in Xisha Islands,the recorded fish species composition was updated,which made the average taxonomic distinctnessΔ ＋ and G-F index be used to assess the fish species taxonomic diversity in 16 reefs in Xisha,respectively.The results showed that a total of 661 fish species belonging to 305 genera,93 families,and 25 orders were recorded.Among them,more species were recorded in Yongxing Island（351） ,Huaguang Reef（173） and Dong Island（160） .Δ ＋ in Xisha was about 60.2,however,Δ ＋ in Zhongjian Island,Jinqing Island,Yuzhuo Reef and so on was significantly lower than that in Xisha Islands,andΔ ＋ in Xisha Islands was also lower than that both in continental shelf and estuary area.This shows that the relationship among fish species in tropical coral reef areas was closer than those areas.Meanwhile Δ ＋ of marine fish species in China seas generally displayed a positive relationship with latitude on a large scale.However,G-F index was dependent on the number of species in the reef,and higher number of species would make higher G-F index,while fitting effect between RG-F index and natural logarithm number of species was much better than that of G-F index in the paper.The reason why G-F index in Shi Island was negative was discussed preliminarily,which might mainly be caused by the lower species richness and the key Y =-XlnX for measuring species diversity was not a monotonic function.It was concluded that as species richness in Yongxing Island,Huaguang Reef,Dong Island and so on was higher,these habitats should be specially protected.

关 键 词：鱼类物种组成 分类学多样性 珊瑚礁 西沙群岛 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学] S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]