小嵩草群落--高寒草甸地带性植被放牧压力下的偏途顶极群落  

Kobresia pygmaea Community-disclimax of Alpine Meadow Zonal Vegetation in the Pressure of Grazing

作　　者：李以康[1] 林丽[1] 张法伟[1] 梁东营[2] 王溪[3] 曹广民[1] 梁东营 王溪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039 [3]不详

出　　处：《山地学报》2010年第3期257-265,共9页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学重点基金(30730069);中国科学院知识创新重要方向性项目(KZCX2 -YW-Q1 -06);国家自然科学基金面上项目(30970520)资助~~

摘　　要：采用以空间代时间的方法,研究了高寒草甸小嵩草群落的发生、发育、演化,处于不同退化阶段小嵩草群落在自然与人工干预恢复过程中,植被、地表特征的变化,探索小嵩草群落在高寒草甸生态系统中的地位及其对系统稳定性的作用。结果表明,青藏高原上小嵩草群落的大面积发育是高原地带性植被禾草矮嵩草群落在长期超载放牧下退化演替的结果,它逆向演替经历了矮嵩草群落后退化为小嵩草群落;而对不同退化程度小嵩草群落采取封育措施后,小嵩草群落可以恢复为禾草矮嵩草群落(或者向着以禾草为优势种的群落演替);"黑土滩"上人工建植禾草草地经过11a的发展,杂类草进入,矮嵩草斑块发展,向着顶极植被——禾草矮嵩草群落的方向发展。禾草矮嵩草群落是青藏高原的地带性植被,而小嵩草群落是地带性植被超载放牧下的偏途顶极群落。The method of spatial-temporal substitution was used to investigate the occurrence、development and evolvement of alpine meadow Kobresia pygmaea community; the change process of vegetation,characteristics of land surface in the course of natural and human intervene recovery of Kobresia pygmaea community in different degraded stage. We,attempt to probe into the status of Kobresia pygmaea community in the alpine meadow and its effect on the system stability. Results showed that the extensive occurrence of Kobresia pygmaea meadow was the result of long term overgrazing in the Gramineae-Kobresia humilis community,and undergo Kobresia humilis community converse succession into Kobresia pygmaea community; Fencing the different degraded stage of Kobresia pygmaea community,Kobresia pygmaea community can restored to Gramineae-Kobresia humilis community（or succession toward the community of herb dominated）; Forbs invaded,Kobresia humilis patch developed and community developed to the climax community-Gramineae-Kobresia humilis community after the artificial grassland founded on the ＂Black beach＂ for 11 years. Gramineae-Kobresia humilis community is the zonal vegetation on Qinghai-Tibet plateau,and Kobresia pygmaea community is the disclimax of alpine meadow zonal vegetation in the pressure of over-grazing.

关 键 词：地带性植被 偏途演替 青藏高原 小嵩草群落 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]