“5·12”汶川地震堰塞湖应急处置措施的讨论--以唐家山堰塞湖为例  

A Discussion of Emergency Treatment of Dammed Lake Caused by "5·12" Wenchuan Earthquake

作　　者：陈晓清[1] 崔鹏[1] 赵万玉[1] 高全[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,四川成都610041

出　　处：《山地学报》2010年第3期350-357,共8页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"计划(2008CB425802);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目KZCX2-YW-302资助~~

摘　　要：堰塞湖是地震诱发的次生灾害类型之一。唐家山堰塞湖是"5.12"汶川地震造成的规模最大、潜在威胁最严重的堰塞湖,水利部组织了唐家山堰塞湖应急处置,成功降低了该堰塞湖风险,未造成新的人员伤亡。从该堰塞湖溢流的流量过程曲线和对北川县城的影响来看,还有值得改进的地方。经初步分析,提出改进措施:1.变梯形过流断面为复式断面;2.增大设计纵比降;3.保护泄流槽的进、出口,控制沟道下切速度;4.抛掷人工结构体控制沟床下切速度。为了避免自然排泄的不利影响,提出"人工可控排泄"处理堰塞湖。希望这些措施在以后类似堰塞湖应急处置中能够被参考,最大限度减少灾害损失,减少防灾减灾的社会、经济成本。Dammed lake is frequent in the secondary disasters triggered by earthquake. The Tangjiashan lake is the largest and of the highest risk in those induced by the ＂5. 12 ＂Wenchuan earthquake. Although the danger has been greatly reduced by emergency treatments,it is worth further studies. According to the flood processes,the following improvements can be proposed：1. using combinative section instead of the trapezes; 2. increasing the vertical gradient of drainage groove; 3. protecting the inlet and outlet to control the incision rate; 4. Control incision rate by artificial structures. In order to avoid the disadvantage of natural drainage,the concept of the artificial control drainage is presented. These opinions are expected to be helpful for further treatment of dammed lakes.

关 键 词：汶川地震 堰塞湖 应急处置 唐家山 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学] X43[天文地球—固体地球物理学]