基于事故树分析的钻井井漏事故危险评价研究  

Application of Fault Tree Analysis to Risk Assessment of Lost Circulation Hazards in Drilling

作　　者：袁智[1,2] 汪海阁 王海强[2] 余果[3] 刘超[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院,北京100195 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [3]中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院,成都610081

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2010年第3期107-112,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(三高气田钻完井重大事故预防及应急救援技术)

摘　　要：基于事故致因理论建立井漏事故模型,将井漏事故危险源分为地质条件不佳、井底压力过大、井漏诱因和应急失效4类,提出基于事故树方法的钻井井漏危险性专项评价方法。以东安1井为例,对东安1井井漏事故的风险源进行分析,找出导致井漏的主要原因,通过对最小割集和最小径集的分析可知对井漏事故影响最大的是地质情况因素。对井漏事故的预防提出建议:井眼轨迹设计时应重点考虑地层的地质条件;施工过程中严格按规章操作,并建立良好的应急救援机制。Lost circulation is one of the most difficultly predicted and controlled drilling accidents.Based on accident-causing theory,the conceptual model of drilling lost circulation was developed,the risk sources of drilling lost circulation were classified into geological conditions,bottom hole pressure,lost circulation factors and salvage failure.On the basis of fault tree analysis,the fault tree model of drilling lost circulation was developed and the method to assess the risk of lost circulation was proposed.Taking Dong An NO 1 well as an example,the four aspects of lost circulation were analyzed;the lost circulation fault tree model of Dong An was constructed.The most dangerous factor of lost circulation was geological condition according to the least cut-set and the least path-set.Suggestions were given to prevent lost circulation,including paying more attention to geological conditions while designing,establishing rescue mechanism and operating follow regulations.It shows that the fault tree analysis can be effectively used in safety assessment of drilling lost circulation accidents.

关 键 词：事故树分析(FTA) 井漏 危险评价 最小割集 结构重要度 

分 类 号：X928.9[环境科学与工程—安全科学]