基于河流环境与生物复合指标评价辽北地区河流生态系统健康  

Comprehensive Assessment of River Health Based on River Environmental Factors and Aquatic Organisms

作　　者：李凤清[1,2] 蔡庆华[1] 唐涛[1] 黎道丰[1] 杨顺益[1,2] 徐耀阳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2010年第1期38-45,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(No.30330140)资助~~

摘　　要：基于河流环境与生物指标,构建了适用于以农田和城镇等土地利用格局为主的平原地区河流健康综合评价指数(River health comprehensive assessment index,RHCAI),该指数主要由河流水文、河流形态、河岸带状况、水体理化参数以及水生生物5大类指标构成.考虑到生物因子对河流干扰的敏感性和准确性较高,利用层次分析法适当提高了生物指标的权重.以辽北地区辽河、浑河及其支流为例,利用RHCAI对其健康状况进行了评价,结果表明,该区域河流的健康状态处于"一般"到"亚健康"水平,在被评价河流中,卧龙湖入湖河流的得分最高,接近"健康"水平,而北沙河、蒲河、柳河与东马莲河的健康状态相对较差.河流是淡水资源的重要载体,对其健康状态的科学评价可以为河流的生态修复、水资源的合理开发利用及流域的可持续发展决策提供重要的科学依据和有益借鉴.The river health comprehensive assessment index（RHCAI） has been developed to evaluate the environmental and biological conditions of small,middle and large rivers in the lowland,agricultural and urban areas in northen Liaoning,China.The RHCAI provides scores for 5 components：River hydrology,physical morphology,riverside zone,water quality parameters and aquatic organisms.Compared with the physical and chemical factors widely used for river health assessment in China,This study pays greater attention to the importance of aquatic organisms.The RHCAI was applied to study the river health in northern Liaoning and 28 rivers and tributaries were evaluated.The results showed that the overall river health in this region was ＂normal＂ or ＂subhealth＂.Among the evaluated rivers,the rivers flowing to Wolong Lake were the best,close to ＂health＂,while the Beisha River,Pu River,Liu river and Dongmalian River had bad health states.As rivers are important carrier of fresh water resources,the assessment of river health state will enrich the theories and methodology of river ecology,watershed ecology and restoration ecology in China,and the results can be considered the basis of management and decision-making for ecological,economic and social sustainable development of this region.The RHCAI is now available to be used more widely for assessing the health conditions of river.

关 键 词：河流生态系统 健康评价 大型底栖无脊椎动物 水生生物 辽北地区 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]