三个梨树中间砧木对嫁接树的矮化效应  

The Dwarfing Effect of Three Pear Dwarfing Intermediate Stocks on Grafting Trees

作　　者：姜淑苓[1,2] 贾敬贤[2] 王斐[1,2] 欧春青[1,2] 王志刚[1,2] 宣利利[1,2] 程飞飞[1,2] 马力[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部果树种质资源利用重点开放实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [2]中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城125100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2010年第23期4886-4892,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAD92B01);国家"863"计划项目(2006BAD13B06-1);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费项目;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(201011)

摘　　要：【目的】比较S2、82-5和PDR54这3个梨中间砧木对嫁接树的矮化效应及矿质元素含量的影响,为梨矮化栽培中间砧木的选择应用提供依据。【方法】以杜梨作基砧,S2、82-5、PDR54作中间砧(设3个砧段长度),分别嫁接不同品种的接穗,测定分析嫁接树的生长量等指标。【结果】S2、82-5和PDR54这3个中间砧木均具有显著的矮化作用;其矮化效应随着砧段长度的增加而增强,但不是等比例增强,其中以10cm砧段的矮化效果最强。3个砧木对嫁接树叶片中矿质元素含量均有极显著影响,S2、82-5作中间砧的嫁接树叶片中,N、Ca、Mg、Fe含量均表现升高的趋势,其中Fe含量分别升高了66.5%和53.6%;而以PDR54作中间砧的嫁接树叶片中,矿质元素的含量均有不同程度的下降。【结论】S2、82-5和PDR54中间砧具有显著的矮化作用,由强到弱依次为:PDR54>82-5>S2;该3个中间砧木的应用,以10cm砧段长度为宜;S2、82-5矮化中间砧能促进嫁接树对矿质元素的吸收,尤其是对Fe的吸收,而PDR54矮化中间砧作用相反,需增施肥加以改善。【Objective】 Dwarfing effects and mineral elements content of the trees grafted on three dwarfing intermediate stocks S2,82-5 and PDR54 were comparatively studied.That provided basis for the selection of inter-stocks in pear dwarfing culture.【Method】 Different scions were grafted on S2,82-5,and PDR54（each has three different lengths） as inter-stock and P.betulaefolia Bge as rootstock.The growth and other indexes of grafting trees were measured.【Result】 All of the S2,82-5,and PDR54 had remarkable dwarfing effect.The dwarfing effect was enhanced when the intermediate stock was longer,but not with equal proportion.The dwarfing effect reached the maximum when the length of the inlermediate stock was 10 cm.The content of mineral elements in leaves of the trees grafted on the three intermediate stock was significantly different from the control.The content of N,Ca,Mg and Fe in the leaves grafted on S2 and 82-5 all showed an increasing trend and the content of Fe increased by 66.5% and 53.6%,respectively.But the content of mineral elements decreased in some degree on PDR54.【Conclusion】 All of the S2,82-5,and PDR54 had remarkable dwarfing effect,and the effect from strong to weak were PDR5482-5 S2.The effect will reach the maximum when the length of the intermediate stock is 10 cm.As the dwarfing intermediate stock,S2 and 82-5 could promote the grafting tree to absorb mineral elements,especially for Fe,but PDR54 had the contrary function,so fertilizer application is needed for improvement.

关 键 词：梨 矮化砧木 矮化栽培 矮化效应 矿质元素 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]