艾尔曼论中华帝国晚期科举的三重属性——政治、社会和文化再生产  

Benjamin A..Elman's View on Three fold Properties of Imperial Examination System in Late Period of Imperial China——Reproduction of Politics,Society and Culture

作　　者：艾尔曼 谢海涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]美国普林斯顿大学东亚研究与历史学系 [2]北方民族大学学报编辑部,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《北方民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第6期90-96,共7页Journal of North Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目"中国古代科举制录取名额问题研究(7世纪~20世纪)"(09XZS003);宁夏高等学校科研项目"清代咸同年间科举名额增加问题研究(1853~1874)"(2008JY016)

摘　　要：把科举视为现代化的障碍是一种误识。在中华帝国晚期,科举是一种支配性的力量。通过科举,帝国在政治方面再生产出了官员;在社会方面再生产出了绅士;在文化方面再生产出了文化主义和意识形态。帝制国家、士绅社会和新儒家文化被紧紧地缠绕在以科举为中心的"教育陀螺仪"上。通过它们的相互依存,三者维系的空间稳定存在了500年。尽管在理论上科举大门向所有人开放,但事实上如文化资源的垄断性等因素,还是把较低阶层者排除在科场之外,科举的公平、公正性被美化了。Viewing imperial examination system as a barrier of modernization is wrong.In the late period of Imperial China,imperial examination system was a dominating power.Through this system,the government reproduced its own officials politically,gentlemen socially,and culturalism and ideology culturally.The state with imperial system,gentlemen＇s society and new Confucianism were also tightly twisted around ＂educational swing＂ centered on imperial examination system.These three were interdependent,making the system last for 500 years.Though theoretically,the gate of imperial examination system was open to everyone,it excluded lower social classes due to monopoly of cultural resources.The justice and fairness of imperial examination system were exaggerated.

关 键 词：中华帝国晚期 科举制度 政治再生产 社会再生产 文化再生产 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学]