人粪便生态厕所好氧降解过程氮的迁移转化研究(Ⅰ)——高温堆肥  

Study on the Transfer and Transformation of Nitrogen in the Aerobic Degradation Progress in Bio-toilet for Human Feces

作　　者：白帆[1,2] 王晓昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环工学院,陕西西安710055 [2]宝鸡文理学院地理科学与环境工程系,陕西宝鸡721016

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2010年第33期18816-18818,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50621140001);国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目(50621140001);国家水污染控制专项基金(2008ZX07317-004);长江学者基金和创新研究梯队(IRT0853);国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2006AA06Z328);宝鸡文理学院院级重点项目(ZK2559)

摘　　要：[目的]研究人粪便生态厕所高温好氧堆肥氮的迁移转化。[方法]利用密闭式好氧高温堆肥反应器,以新鲜锯末为空白载体,对高温堆肥条件下氮的迁移转化及堆肥产物的保氮特性进行了研究。[结果]在高温60℃、含水率60%以及连续强制供气条件下,经过为期2周的堆肥,粪便中有机物去除率达到70%以上,而总氮Ntot的损失仅有17%。氮的损失主要发生在堆肥反应的第1天,由无机氮Nino的迅速减少造成,而有机氮Norg几乎不变。占Nino90%以上的NH4-N在堆肥反应第1天迅速降低,此后缓慢减少至几乎消失。通过物料的平衡发现,在堆肥反应第1天NH4-N的减少量与堆肥反应的前24 h连续吸收的NH3-N的总量一致,说明NH4-N转化为NH3-N是高温好氧堆肥过程粪便中氮损失的主要原因和控制的关键。[结论]高温堆肥可成为一种能使堆肥产物中保持高含量的氮从而使其更好地作为有机肥的有效方法。[Objective] The research aimed to study the transfer and transformation of nitrogen in the aerobic composting process in the bio-toilet for human feces.[Method] Using a closed aerobic thermophilic composting reactor,with fresh sawdust as the blank vector,the transfer and transformation of nitrogen and the nitrogen-holding characteristics of composting products under the thermophilic composting conditions were studied.[Result] Under the controlled conditions of temperature of 60 ℃,moisture content of 60%,and continuous air supply,more than 70% fecal organic removal was obtained while merely 17% fecal nitrogen loss was observed in a two-week composting period.The nitrogen loss was found to occur mainly in the first day with quick depletion of inorganic nitrogen,but almost unchanged organic nitrogen content.The fecal NH4-N which was the main component of the inorganic nitrogen（〉90%） decreased quickly in the first day,gradually decreased in the following days,and finally disappeared.A mass balance between the exhausted NH3 gas and the fecal NH4-N content in the first 24 hours indicated that the conversion of ammonium into gaseous ammonia was the main reason for nitrogen loss.[Conclusion] Thermophilic composting could be used as an efficient way to keep high nitrogen content in the composting products to be a organic fertilizer.

关 键 词：氮的保持 堆肥反应器 人粪便 好氧 高温 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]