白桦雄花突变体及其细胞学特征  

Cytological Characteristics of Male Floral Mutant in Betula platyphylla

作　　者：刘雪梅[1] 周菲[2] 邢磊[2] 丛玮玮[2] 刘岩[3] 宋福南[2] 

机构地区：[1]林木遗传育种与生物技术教育部重点实验室(东北林业大学),哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2010年第6期1-3,14,共4页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：教育部科学技术研究重点项目(015-41309101);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(DL09CA06)

摘　　要：以雄花序发育异常突变体为材料,从2008年9月18日至2009年5月6日,分期取材,对其花序和花药的形态结构进行比较分析,并利用生物显微制片技术观察其减数分裂和雄配子体发育。结果表明:该雄花突变体着生在当年生枝条的中部,出现较晚,形态较长且细,该植株上仍有形态上看似正常的雄花序。另外,经细胞学观察比较发现,这两种雄花序生殖发育也呈现异常状态。在单核小孢子形成之前,突变雄花序的花药及雄配子体发育比正常植株的雄花序要晚,并在单核小孢子后期发生败育,第二年春天不进行有丝分裂,不能形成成熟的花粉;形态看似正常的雄花序虽然能形成单核小孢子越冬,在第二年春天能形成成熟花粉,但只有部分花药开裂并散粉,由此推测这个白桦雄花突变体可能为雄性不育突变体。Male inflorescences on a male floral mutant in Betula platyphylla,which exhibited abnormal development,were gathered and fixed by FAA fixation fluid from September 18 th,2008 to May 6 th,2009,and the morphological characteristics of inflorescences and anthers were comparatively analyzed. Observation on the meiosis and development of the male gametophyte was also made by biological slice-making technology. The mutant with thin and long male inflorescences developed late and located on the middle part of current-year branches,but some male inflorescences which had strong resemblance to normal male inflorescences were also observed on the top of the current-year branches. In addition,the two types of male inflorescences undergo abnormal reproductive development by cytological observation. Before the formation of the mononucleus microspores,the anther and male gametophyte development of the mutational male inflorescences was later than that of the normal male inflorescences,and they were aborted at the late mononucleus microspore stage,and in spring of the next year,mitosis did not follow,and the mature pollen could not be produced. While the apparently normal male inflorescences on male-floral mutant could produce mononucleus microspores,and the microspores survived the winter,and in spring of the next year,the mature pollen were produced,but only a part of the anthers could dehisce and scatter pollen. Therefore,the male floral mutant may be a male sterile mutant.

关 键 词：白桦 雄花 雄性不育 突变体 

分 类 号：S792.153.01[农业科学—林木遗传育种]