秦汉“酒徒”散论  

Some Comments on the "Drunkard" in the Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：王子今[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院,北京100872

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第6期5-13,共9页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金项目:秦汉社会称谓研究(07BZS007)

摘　　要："酒徒"称谓可能最初出现于战国阶段,而秦汉时期以"酒徒"自称者曾经有突出的历史表现。如《史记》卷九七《郦生陆贾列传》记述"高阳酒徒"郦食其故事最为著名。《汉书》记述郦食其自称"狂生"。所谓"狂生",在某种意义上也可以视作《史记》"酒徒"的一种解说。司马迁笔下记录的酒宴场面,可见反映"酒徒"生活的具体情状。秦汉时期"酒徒"的社会形象,似乎并不光彩。《论衡》说"酒徒非圣人",《潜夫论》亦批评"酒徒无行之人"。《后汉书》卷六五《皇甫规传》可见"宿猾、酒徒、戏客"并列,"酒徒"身份与"不义""不轨"行为相联系。孔融有关"郦生以高阳酒徒,著功于汉"的说法,则提示了汉末又一次面临乱世时,开明士人对"酒徒"评价的微妙变化。而魏晋之际名士好酒风习一时盛行,或许也可以理解为这样的历史文化脉流的延续。The title ＂drunkward＂ may first appeared in the Warring States period and in the Qin and Han Dynasties, the drunkwards made their great contributions. In the volume 97 of Records of the Grand Historian the story of the Li shiqi, a drunkard in Gaoyang was the most famous. Chronicles of the Han Dynasty also recorded that Li Shiqi called himself Kuangsheng. Kuangsheng is another explaination of the drunkward in the Records of the Grand Historian. The banquet described by Sima Qian revealed the coneret situation of the drunkward in that period. The social images of the drunkward were not that glamorous. In Lunheng, the drunkward were not holy people. Qianfulun also criticized that the drunkward were abnormal people. In the 65th volume of the History of Eastern Han, the drunkard was paralleled with cunny and and assoliated with injustice and evil behavior Kong Rong commented that Lisheng as a drunkard in Gaoyang, outstood others in achievements,which revealed that in the later Hart Dynasty, the attitude of the open - minded people towards the dlrunkard experiexed a slight change. But in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was a vogue for the celebrities to be involved in drinking, and it could be understood as a continwation of history and culture.

关 键 词：秦汉 酒徒 酒史 酒文化 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学]