鄂西南烟区土壤供氮特性影响因素研究  

Factors affecting soil nitrogen supply in tobacco fields in Southwest Hubei

作　　者：赵书军[1] 袁家富[1] 张新然 徐祥玉[1] 熊又升[1] 秦兴成[3] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [2]湖北省烟叶公司,武汉430030 [3]湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司,恩施445000

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2010年第6期1157-1162,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：湖北省科技攻关项目(2006AA201C73)资助

摘　　要：采用田间高频次取样方法,以不种植烤烟和不施肥土壤为对照,结合试验年份湖北省恩施州宣恩县城的气象资料,研究了气候因子、栽培和施肥等措施对宣恩县椒园镇烤烟土壤供氮特性的影响。结果表明:土壤碱解氮含量随气温上升而增加、随降雨量增加而降低,但一般比降雨时间滞后5～10d;未覆膜条件下施肥可在短期内(45d左右)明显增加土壤碱解氮含量;有机无机配合施肥烟株对氮的吸收大于纯施化肥;在烟叶生长的后期,有机无机配合施肥土壤碱解氮含量与单施化肥相比有降低趋势,因此有机无机配合施肥是调控烤烟后期氮素营养的有效措施。各因素对土壤碱解氮含量影响大小的次序为:栽培>施肥>气候,作物吸收、地膜覆盖等栽培因素是影响土壤碱解氮含量的最主要因子之一。In order to understand the effects of fertilization, planting and climate on soil N supply, field trials were conducted in Jiaoyuan Town, Xuan’en County with high frequent sampling of the field trial plots. Zero-tobacco planting and zero-fertilization were used as the control （CK） in the experiment. In the trials, rainfall and air temperature came from Enshi Meteorological Agency. Results show that soil alkali-hydrolysis N content increases with increasing air temperature, but decreases with increasing rainfall; generally lagging behind rainfall by 5～10 days. For a period of about 45 days, soil alkali-hydrolysis N content significantly increases under fertilization with no plastic film cover. Under combined organic and chemical fertilization, soil alkali-hydrolysis N supply improves in mid-to late-growth stages of tobacco. This is therefore an effective way of regulating N supply during later growth stage of tobacco. The order of significance of the factors affecting soil alkali-hydrolysis N content is planting fertilization climate. Cultivation factors such as crop absorption, film mulching are the main factors affecting soil alkali-hydrolysis N content.

关 键 词：烤烟 气温 降雨 施肥 地膜覆盖 土壤供氮 

分 类 号：S158.5[农业科学—土壤学]