氮磷用量对豫北地区小麦产量的交互效应研究  

Interactive influence of nitrogen and phosphorus application rate on wheat yield in North Henan, China

作　　者：张焕军[1,2] 郁红艳[1] 项剑[1,2] 丁维新[1] 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2010年第6期1163-1169,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40921061,40725003);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX1-YW-09-05);重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-439)资助

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验研究了氮磷不同用量与配比对小麦产量的影响,分析了产量与小麦不同生育期各生理指标之间的关系。结果表明:氮磷施用存在最佳配比,当氮磷肥用量分别相当于220kg(N)·hm-2和160kg(P2O5)·hm-2时,小麦产量最高。小麦产量与根系活力、开花期酸性磷酸酶活性和拔节期硝酸还原酶活性密切相关,根系活力、酸性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性与小麦吸收的氮磷总量呈显著正相关关系。根系活力、酸性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性随着磷肥用量增加而提高,随着氮肥用量增加先提高后下降,因此过多的氮肥施用通过降低小麦根系活力、酸性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性等,减少小麦对氮磷吸收,进而降低产量。A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the interactive effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application rates on wheat yield via measuring agronomic and physiologic indicators such as root activity （RA）, acid phosphatase activity （APA） and nitrate reductase activity （NRA）. Six treatments [200 kg（N）·hm-2＋100 kg（P2O5）·hm-2, 200 kg（N）·hm-2＋160 kg（P2O5）·hm-2, 220 kg（N）·hm-2＋100 kg（P2O5）·hm-2, 220 kg（N）·hm-2＋160 kg（P2O5）·hm-2, 240 kg（N）·hm-2＋100 kg（P2O5）·hm-2 and 240 kg（N）·hm-2＋160 kg（P2O5）·hm-2] were used in the study. The highest wheat yield occurs under the combination application of 220 kg（N）·hm-2, 160 kg（P2O5）·hm-2. Wheat yield is significantly correlated with RA, APA and NRA, and is in turn strongly related with wheat cumulative N and P. RA, APA and NRA increase with increasing application rate of phosphorus and nitrogen, but continue to increase until the application rate of nitrogen reaches 220 kg·hm-2 before declining. This indicates that over-application of nitrogen fertilizer might reduce RA, APA and NRA, which in turn reduce the absorption rate of N and P and thereby decreasing wheat yield.

关 键 词：氮磷用量配比 根系活力 酸性磷酸酶活性 硝酸还原酶活性 小麦产量 豫北地区 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]