水氮互作对温室黄瓜光合特征与产量的影响  

Effects of water and nitrogen interaction on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cucumber in greenhouse

作　　者：李银坤[1] 武雪萍[1] 吴会军[1] 武其甫[1] 张彦才[2] 王丽英[2] 李若楠[2] 蔡典雄[1] 王小彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所农业部植物营养与养分循环重点实验室,北京100081 [2]河北省农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,石家庄050051

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2010年第6期1170-1175,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB109305);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2006AA100206);引进国际先进农业科学技术计划国外技术计划(948计划)项目(2006-G52A-03)资助

摘　　要：在日光温室内研究了水氮互作对黄瓜叶片不同生育期光合特征与产量的影响,分析了各生育期黄瓜光合速率与产量的关系。结果表明:光合速率、蒸腾速率在盛瓜期最高,而水分利用效率则在初瓜期达最高。习惯灌水条件下,施氮量的增加有助于光合速率和蒸腾速率的提高,其中以灌水7470m3·hm-2、施氮1200kg·hm-2时(W1N1200)最高,但与灌水5190m3·hm-2、施氮600kg·hm-2时(W2N600)无显著差异;叶片水分利用效率以减量灌水、减施氮50%处理(W2N600)为最高,是习惯水氮处理(W1N1200)的1.08倍,对照(W1N0)的1.24倍。水氮互作对黄瓜产量及产量构成因素具有显著影响,其中以减量灌水30%左右、减施氮50%的处理组合(W2N600)最优,黄瓜产量最高可达17.06×104kg·hm-2。黄瓜的光合速率与产量、瓜条数、单果重之间呈二次曲线关系,其中盛瓜期的拟合方程最好。Potosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency at different growth stages and yield of cucumber under different water and nitrogen levels were studied in solar greenhouse to investigate the effects of water and nitrogen interaction on cucumber photosynthetic characteristics and production. The relationship between photosynthetic rate and cucumber yield were ana-lyzed too. The results show that photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate reach the highest in full fruit stage, while water use efficiency in primary fruit stages. Under conventional irrigation, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate increase with increasing nitrogen rate, and reach the highest under 7 470 m3·hm-2 irrigation quantity and 1 200 kg·hm-2 nitrogen rate （W1N1200）, but are not significantly different from those under W2N600 （irrigation quantity 5 190 m3·hm-2, nitrogen rate 600 kg·hm-2）. Water use efficiency reaches the highest under W2N600, which is 1.08 and 1.24 times of those under W1N1200 and CK respectively. Water and nitrogen interaction significantly affect cucumber yield and yield components. The optimal treatment is W2N600 with 30% reduction in water and 50% reduction in nitrogen compared with conventional treatment. It yields the highest, 17.06×104 kg·hm-2. Photosynthetic rate presents a conic relationship with yield, fruit number per plant and average fruit weight respectively, in which the best fitting equation is at the full fruit stage.

关 键 词：水氮互作 日光温室 黄瓜 光合特征 产量 

分 类 号：S626.5[农业科学—园艺学]