宁夏引黄灌区水体污染现状及污染源解析  

Analysis on current situation of water pollution and pollutant sources in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation region

作　　者：张爱平[1] 杨世琦[1] 易军[1] 杨正礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2010年第6期1295-1301,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项"河流水环境综合整治技术研究与综合示范"主题特殊河流项目(2008ZX07212-004)资助

摘　　要：随着点源污染的逐步控制,以农业生产为核心的农业非点源污染正在成为影响水体质量的主要因子。宁夏引黄灌区是我国商品粮生产基地之一,农业生产较为发达,农业的高投入对当地水体环境造成不良影响。本文分析了2002～2007年黄河宁夏段监测断面和引黄灌区典型排水沟的水质情况,发现黄河宁夏段水质受农田退水、工业废水和生活污水影响较大,境内沿程断面水质污染逐渐加剧,水质出境断面比入境断面平均降低1个等级,说明黄河流经宁夏后水质受到一定程度的污染。宁夏引黄灌区水体主要污染物是挥发酚、NH4+-N、CODMn和BOD5,2002～2007年几种主要污染物浓度总体呈下降趋势,综合污染指数也呈总体下降趋势,但污染形势仍然严重。2007年宁夏引黄灌区主要排水沟水质为劣Ⅴ类污染水质,断面超标率100%,主要污染物为NH4+-N、CODCr、BOD5。针对黄河宁夏段水体污染状况,对宁夏引黄灌区水体农业非点源污染源进行解析,结果显示,TN、NH4+-N污染主要来自种植业,其次是养殖业和黄河取水;TP污染主要来自于种植业与养殖业,COD主要来自养殖业。农田退水携带的大量污染物是导致灌区水体恶化的重要因素之一。With the control of point source pollution, the agricultural non-point source pollution is becoming the major factor affecting water quality. In Ningxia Yellow River irrigation region, one of China’s important commodity grain production areas, high-input in agriculture exacerbates the local water quality. This article analyzed water quality of the Yellow River flowing over several monitoring sections and of main drainage ditches in Ningxia. The results show that water quality of the Yellow River in Ningxia is mainly affected by agricultural irrigation return flow, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage. The water quality becomes worse after flowing through Ningxia with one class decreasing of comprehensive pollution index illustrating a certain degree of pollution. The main pollutants in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation region are Ar-OH, NH4＋-N, CODMn and BOD5, which are de-creasing generally from 2002 to 2007 in company with the reducing comprehensive pollution index. Water quality of main drainage ditches of the region is inferior class Ⅴ with 100% overproof monitoring sections. Its main pollutants are NH4＋-N, CODCr, BOD5. The analysis on non-point pollution source shows that TN and NH4＋-N mainly come from farming, followed by breeding industry and the Yellow River water. Farming and livestock breeding are the main resources of TP. Most COD is from livestock breeding. The large amount of pollutants in farmland irrigation return flow is one of the major factors leading to deterioration of water quality in Ningxia.

关 键 词：宁夏 引黄灌区 黄河水质 非点源污染 污染源 农田退水 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X592