荔枝成花坐果影响因素研究  

Preliminary Report on the Factor Affecting the Flower Formation and Fruit-setting of Litchi

作　　者：邓英毅[1] 刘淑仪[1] 万海英[1] 杨祖艳[1] 吕鸣群[1] 薛进军[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2010年第32期18116-18118,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目;公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-031)

摘　　要：[目的]对不同荔枝品种进行促花和保花保果试验研究,为荔枝生产中促进成花坐果和高产稳产提供理论依据。[方法]采用环剥对三月红、妃子笑和桂味荔枝进行促花试验,采用环割和打孔处理三月红荔枝,采用SOD喷施鸡嘴荔。[结果]10月16日至11月16日对三月红、妃子笑和桂味荔枝进行环剥处理,其末次梢成花率分别达到68.27%、9.41%~50.52%、58.99%~83.61%,比对照分别提高了4.00、0.59~7.56、4.57~6.89倍;初花期对三月红进行环割和打孔处理后的每穂平均果数达到6.0~6.3,比对照提高了1.22~1.33倍,环割、打孔不影响果实的正常生长发育;小果期喷施0.25%~0.50%SOD后7~15 d能减少鸡嘴荔的落果,处理后15 d果穗平均小果数为8.5~10.6个,处理比对照提高了0.37~0.71倍。[结论]荔枝花芽生理分化期及之前环剥可明显提高成花,初花期环割和打孔能明显提高坐果,小果期喷施SOD能减少落果。[Objective] The theoretical basis of the improvement of the flower formation and fruit-setting of litchi（Litchi chinensis Sonn.） for its high and stable yield was provided through the experiment in its flower formation and fruit-setting.[Method] The experiment in the promotion of the flower formation of three litchi varieties： March Red,Feizixiao and Guiwei,was conducted based on the treatment of girdling technique;the March Red,the treatment of ring cutting and punching technique;and the variety-Jizuili,the treatment of SOD-spraying.[Results] The treatment of girdling was conducted from October 16 to November 16 and the ratio of the flower formation of three varieties in at the last second shoot was up to 68.27%,9.41%-50.52% and 58.99%-83.61%,respectively,which was increased by 4.00,0.59-7.56 and 4.57-6.89 times compared with that of CK.The average number of fruit per flower spike of the variety-March Red,which was treated with the technique of ring cutting and punching technique,was 6.0-6.3 fruits,compared with which of CK,1.22-1.33 times were increased,and also,the compound technique did not affect the normal growth and development of the fruit trees.The treatment of 0.25%-0.50% SOD-spraying in the period of small-sized fruit of the Jizuili could reduce its fruit-dropping from the 7th-15th day after the treatment and the average number of small-sized fruit was 8.5-10.6 fruits on the 15th day after the treatment,which was 0.37-0.71 times of the CK＇s.[Conclusion] The treatment of girdling technique in or before the physiological differentiation stage of floral bud could obviously improve flowering formation,the treatment of ring cutting and punching technique in early flowering stage could obviously increase the ratio of fruit-setting and the treatment of SOD-spraying in the period of small-sized fruit could reduce the ratio of fruit-dropping.

关 键 词：荔枝 成花 坐果 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]