微磨料水射流对工件表面抛光作用的研究  

Study on Surface Polishing Using Micro Abrasive Water Jet

作　　者：袁卓林[1] 雷玉勇[1] 孙书蕾[1] 汤积仁[1] 聂光伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西华大学机械工程与自动化学院,成都610039

出　　处：《机床与液压》2010年第21期4-6,22,共4页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50844033);四川省教育厅资助项目(09ZZ030)

摘　　要：采用碳化硅固体磨粒、纯水和水溶性乳蜡(水蜡)混合而成的液体磨料,液体磨料的浓度按固体磨粒与添加液的质量比1∶2的比例混合,工件材料采用热作模具钢4Cr5MoSiV1,被抛光工件表面分别为未经热处理的模具钢表面和电火花加工后的工件表面。实验研究了不同粒度的固体磨粒、添加液浓度、抛光时间等对抛光性能的影响。研究表明,经过90min的抛光,两种抛光面的表面粗糙度值Ra都呈显著下降。对于电火花加工表面,抛光90min后的粗糙度值由最初的Ra=1.0μm下降到Ra=0.08μm;对于未经热处理的工件表面,抛光90min后的粗糙度值由最初的Ra=0.36μm下降到Ra=0.06μm。证明微磨料水射流对工件表面具有良好的抛光作用。研究还表明,磨料液成分、抛光时间以及被抛光工件材料以及工件表面原始粗糙度等对抛光性能有重要影响。对于硬度和粗糙度较高的工件表面,宜采用具有较粗的固体磨料粒子和较高浓度添加剂的磨料液;对于硬度和粗糙度较低的工件表面,宜采用较细的固体磨料粒子和添加剂浓度较低的磨料液。对于较低硬度的工件表面,采用蜡敷磨粒的磨料液可缩短抛光时间和提高抛光的表面精度。The polishing experiments were conducted on the workpieces of hot work die steel 4Cr5MoSiV1 with the electrical discharge machined surface and the ground surface, the slurry abrasive mixed with solid SiC particles, water and water soluble emulsion wax was used as polishing slurry. The proportion of solid SiC particle to liquid in slurry abrasive is 1∶2 in mass. The effect of particle granular, concentration of water soluble emulsion wax and polishing time on the polishing performance was investigated. The experimental results show that after polishing for 90 minutes, the roughness of the workpieces is decreased significantly. The roughness is reduced respectively from 0.08 μm to 1.0 μm for the electrical discharge machined workpiece, and from 0.06 μm to 0.36 μm for the ground workpiece. It shows that micro abrasive water jet has remarkable surface polishing effect. The polishing performance is greatly affected by the components of slurry abrasive, the polishing time, the hardness and the initial surface roughness of workpieces. For the workpieces with higher hardness and lower initial roughness, the slurry abrasive with coarse solid particles and higher concentration of additive is better. For the workpieces with lower hardness and higher initial roughness, the slurry abrasive with finer solid particles and lower concentration of additive is better. For the softer workpieces, the accuracy of polished surface could be improved and the polishing time can be shortened by using slurry abrasive with wax-coated particles.

关 键 词：微磨料射流 液体磨料 抛光 添加液 蜡敷磨粒 

分 类 号：TG356.28[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工] TP69[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]