论人权与基本权利的关系--以德国法和一般法学理论为背景  

On the Relationship Between Human Rights and Constitutional Rights

作　　者：张 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学

出　　处：《法学家》2010年第6期17-27,共11页The Jurist

摘　　要：人权和宪法上的基本权利这两个源自西语的概念,在汉语法学文献中的使用并不统一,这直接或间接影响到宪法引领下的实定法体系内在的系统化和统一性。本文旨在从一般法学理论角度澄清二者之间的区别和关联。本文特别指出,从人权转化为宪法权利要经过四个限缩性过渡——民族国家化、制度化、理性科学化和习俗化。基本权利不仅是人权的制度化,而且它总是包含着以人权为指针,从而最大程度上实现人权的要求。最后,通过运用这一新的分析框架,本文概括性地分析了现行宪法和法律实践中出现的一些问题。Human rights and fundamental or constitutional rights,two concepts derived from the Occidentals,are always used inconsistently in the many Chinese legal writings,which could endanger,directly or indirectly,the systematization and consistency of the positive law.In this article,the relation between them would be therefore clarified,especially the transition from human rights to the constitutional rights,in which human rights transform with the four confining forms —national,institutional,rational-scientifical and conventional —into the constitutional rights.The nature of constitutional rights could be resulted from this transition process.They are not only institutionalization of human rights,but also have always the intention of claiming to the correctness of human rights.By means of the reconstruction to the relation between them,this article tries to finally explain some issues in the current constitutional practice.

关 键 词：人权 基本权利 限缩 概念要素 人权入宪 

分 类 号：D951.6[政治法律—法学] D90