堆放奶牛粪便7周甲烷排放通量的研究  

Studies on the methane emission fluxes from stored dairy manure during seven weeks

作　　者：段池清[1] 王嘉珺[1] 赵雪艳[1] 姬亚芹[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,天津300071

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2010年第11期39-42,47,共5页Environmental Pollution & Control

摘　　要：为了研究奶牛粪便堆放高度、堆放方式和温度对奶牛粪便甲烷排放的影响,基于静态箱-气相色谱法,研究了奶牛粪便在4种堆放处理(堆放高度分别为30、45、60cm的处理和每天加粪6cm至堆放高度约60cm的处理)下连续7周的甲烷排放通量。同时,分析了堆放前后奶牛粪便的理化特性。结果表明:4种处理的甲烷日均排放通量的变化规律大致相似,即甲烷日均排放通量在实验前5天较小,第6天开始逐渐上升并相继达到峰值,之后降低并趋于平稳;4种处理的甲烷日均排放通量为(0.243±0.083)～(0.341±0.145)mg/(m3.h);堆放后奶牛粪便的pH(除堆放高度为30cm的处理外)、干物质、挥发性固体含量均下降,而灰分、全氮、全磷、氨氮、总有机碳和碳氮比(除堆放高度为30、45cm的处理外)均上升;回归分析和Wilcoxon配对法非参数检验结果表明,奶牛粪便堆放高度和堆放方式及温度对甲烷排放影响较大,各处理的甲烷日均排放通量与环境温度、奶牛粪便内部温度(包括奶牛粪便表面以下100mm处温度及奶牛粪便堆放中心温度)均呈指数关系。The batch composting treatments of dairy manure were perform in static chamber for 7 weeks, four stacking height were 30, 45, 60 and adding 6 cm manure per day until it reaching about 60 cm respectively, methane emission fluxes from dairy manure were measured by gas chromatography to explore the impacts of manure stacking heights and temperature on methane emissions. Moreover, the characteristics of pre and post stored manure were also analyzed. As the results revealed, the variation of methane emission fluxes presented similar tendency in four treatments, they were in low level at the first 5 days, increased gradually from the 6th day and reached peak values in short time, then decreased sharply and kept stable during the subsequent storage. After having been stored for 7 weeks, the pH （except pile height was 30 cm）, dry matter, volatile solid of diary manure decreased, while ash content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, total organic carbon, ratio of carbon to nitrogen（except pile height were 30 cm and 45 cm） of diary manure increased, respectively. Wilcoxon nonparametric tests and regression analyzing showed that stacking height and temperature greatly influenced the methane emissions, meanwhile there was exponential relation between methane emission fluxes and ambient temperature, corresponding inner manure pile temperature, respectively.

关 键 词：奶牛粪便 甲烷排放通量 堆放高度 理化特性 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]