饲料中三聚氰胺对花鲈生长、生理机能及组织残留的影响  

EFFECTS OF DIETARY MELAMINE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE,PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE, HISTOPATHOLOGY AND TISSUE RESIDUE IN JAPANESE SEA BASS (LATEOLABRAX JAPONICUS)

作　　者：刘海燕[1,2,4] 郑银桦[1] 秦玉昌[1] 薛敏[1] 吴秀峰[1] 食彪[1] 郭利亚[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,国家水产饲料安全评价基地,北京100081 [2]河北师范大学生命科学学院,石家庄050016 [3]北京英惠尔生物技术有限公司,北京100081 [4]中国科学院水生生物研究所,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2010年第6期1097-1105,共9页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：农业部专项项目;十一五国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD12B06)(2006BAD12B08);淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室基金(2009FB09)资助

摘　　要：研究以花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)为实验对象,通过在花鲈饲料中添加不同剂量的三聚氰胺进行56d的花鲈摄食生长实验,探讨三聚氰胺对花鲈的生长性能、生理机能、组织残留及肾脏组织学的影响。实验设计为5个不同剂量的三聚氰胺(0、500、2000、5000及10000 mg/kg)处理组,每个处理组3个重复。花鲈[初始体重(30.6±0.1)g]在半流水养殖系统中进行养殖,定期检测水质。实验结果表明:56d实验期内5个处理组花鲈的三聚氰胺日摄入量分别为0、8.26、32.38、80.34及148.83 mg/kg.w/d。三聚氰胺显著影响了花鲈的摄食与生长(P<0.05),最高剂量组(10000 mg/kg)花鲈的摄食率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而末均重和特定生长率显著低于0、500及2000 mg/kg处理组(P<0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。三聚氰胺对花鲈的饲料系数及存活率没有显著影响(P>0.05)。实验结束时,各处理组全鱼的水分、粗灰分及粗蛋白质含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着三聚氰胺添加量的升高,花鲈血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的活性逐渐升高,5000 mg/kg组的血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。花鲈的肝脏和肌肉中均检测到了三聚氰胺的残留,在三聚氰胺日摄入量为148.83 mg/kg.w/d时,肝脏三聚氰胺残留量达到57.9 mg/kg,肌肉中三聚氰胺的残留量在三聚氰胺日摄入量80.34 mg/kg.w/d和148.83 mg/kg.w/d处理组分别为47.63 mg/kg和73.17 mg/kg。5000和10000 mg/kg饲料组花鲈的肾脏受到严重损伤,但没有发现结晶样物质存在。三聚氰胺对花鲈56d的最大未观察到有害作用剂量(NOAEL,no-observed-adverse-effect-level)为8.26 mg/kg.w/d。An eight weeks growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary melamine inclusion on growth performance,physiological response,renal histopathology and tissue residues in Japanese sea bass（Lateolabrax japonicus）.The inclusion levels of melamine in experimental diets were 0,500,2000,5000 and 10000 mg/kg（D1,D2,D3,D4 and D5）,respectively.Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of the experimental fish with initial body weight of（30.6±0.1） g.Fish were reared in a semi-flow-through system for 56d,and water melamine contents were controlled 0.5 mg/L.The results showed that the daily melamine intakes for Japanese sea bass in five treatments were 0,8.26,32.38,80.34 and 148.83 mg/kg.w/d,respectively,during 56d trial period.The feeding rate and growth performance were significantly decreased in 10000mg/kg melamine treatment（or 148.83 mg/kg.w/d daily melamine intake treatment）（P〈0.05）,there was no significant difference in feed conversion ratio and survival rate among all treatments（P〉0.05）;for the whole body composition of Japanese sea bass,no significant difference was discovered in moisture,crude ash or crude protein contents between each treatment（P〉0.05）;with the increasing supplementation of melamine in the feed,the serum alkaline phosphatase activity（ALP） increased gradually,ALP activity in 5000mg/kg melamine treatment was significant higher than the control group（P〉0.05）,the serum alanine aminotransferase（ALT）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST）,total protein（TP）,glucose（GLU）,Cholesterol（Chol）,Triglyceride（TG） and Urea nitrogen were not significantly affected by melamine during 56 days（P〉0.05）;residues of melamine were detected in the liver and muscle of the Japanese sea bass,57.9 mg of melamine /kg of tissue（wet weight） were detected in the fish liver from daily melamine intake 148.83 mg/kg.w/d groups;47.63 mg of melamine/kg of tissue and 73.17 mg of melamine/kg of tissue were detected in the fish muscle from daily melamine i

关 键 词：三聚氰胺 花鲈 生长 残留 最大未观察到有害作用剂量NOAEL 

分 类 号：X503.225[环境科学与工程—环境工程]