“在＋处所”状态构式的事件表述和语篇功能  

The discourse function of the "zai(在)+location" structure

作　　者：张国宪[1,3] 卢建 

机构地区：[1]北京中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732 [2]日本东京大学综合文化研究科,东京153-8902 [3]安徽大学,合肥230039

出　　处：《中国语文》2010年第6期483-495,共13页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(06BYY40)的部分成果

摘　　要：文章讨论表述状态的"在+处所+V状"和"V状+在+处所"两种构式。以往的研究认为,状态构式中的"在+处所"无论是在动词前还是在动词后都表述相同的语法意义和功能。本文试图说明两种构式在意义和功能上并非等值,"在+处所+V状"关注动作状态,"V状+在+处所"关注事物状态,因而在交际功能上存在着叙述性与描写性的语用分工。文章最后将构式放到语篇中去观察,借以揭示言者选用构式的潜在动机,认为前者的语篇功能在于表述一个前景性的主体事件,后者则主要在于为后叙的主体事件引入事件发生的空间处所。In Mandarin,the ＂zai ＋ location＂ structure can appear either before or after the verb.Some researchers assume that these two constructions have the identical grammatical meaning and semantic function.This paper argues that the ＂zai ＋ location ＋ state verb＂ structure highlights the state of the action,while the ＂state verb ＋ zai ＋ location＂ one highlights the state of the objects.Therefore,they have different pragmatic functions：narrative vs.depictive.From the perspective of discourse,this paper attempts to show that it is the speaker＇s motive that determines the choice of these two constructions.It finds that the ＂zai ＋ location ＋ state verb＂ construction expresses a foreground event,whereas the ＂state verb ＋ zai ＋ location＂ one introduces the location of a later event.

关 键 词：“在+处所” 状态构式 动作状态 事物状态 语篇功能 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]