以能量观点研究可见光辐射在大气中的衰减  

A Study of the Attenuation of the Solar Visible Radiation in the Atmosphere from the Point of View of Energy

作　　者：白建辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所中层大气与全球环境探测重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2010年第6期765-777,共13页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：中国科学院资源环境领域野外台站研究基金;国家自然科学基金项目40975082

摘　　要：2004年9月至2006年10月,在华北地区的4个站开展了太阳辐射、气象参数等的综合测量,得到了可见光辐射QVIS、总辐射Q等的变化特征。水汽和散射因子对QVIS/Q有明显的影响,同时对QVIS也有明显的作用。基于能量观点,建立了实际天气QVIS小时累计值(时累)的经验模式,得到了较好的计算结果。水汽因子对于QVIS在大气中的传输有一定的作用,应该给予足够重视。计算表明,华北地区受水汽因子衰减到达地面的QVIS以及占地面QVIS的比例分别为8.78W·m-2和4.24%,受散射因子衰减到达地面的QVIS以及占地面QVIS的比例分别为171.91W·m-2和95.76%。华北地区受水汽因子和散射因子影响损失于大气中的QVIS分别为16.54W·m-2和311.07W·m-2,这一能量损失有季节变化和区域差别。敏感性实验表明,到达地面的QVIS对水汽因子、散射因子的变化有不同的响应,QVIS对散射因子的变化比对水汽因子的变化更为敏感。水汽因子与可见光辐射之间的关系密切,水汽因子项的真正含义应该是大气中的各种物质成分(气、液、固态)对可见光辐射直接和间接(通过化学和光化学反应,包括均相和非均相过程)利用的总和。利用QVIS经验模式计算了大气顶的QVIS,其计算误差为3.5%。在目前及未来研究中,应重视和考虑消耗于大气中的这部分与水汽有关的能量。采用能量观点与实测资料相配合来理解和探索大气中的物理化学过程和规律是一种有效、实用的方法。By using the integrated observations including the solar radiation and meteorological parameters at four stations in North China from September 2004 to October 2006,the variation characteristics of the solar visible radiation （QVIS） and global radiation （Q） were obtained. Both QVIS/Q and QVIS were evidently influenced by the water vapor and scattering factors. An empirical model of the hourly QVIS under actual sky conditions was established based on the point of view of energy,and good results were gained. The water vapor factor displayed some important roles in QVIS transmission in the atmosphere and should be paid high attention. The results show that for North China,QVIS which was attenuated by the water vapor factor and its ratio to QVIS at the Earth＇s surface were 8.78 W·m-2 and 4.24%,respectively,and QVIS which was attenuated by scattering factor and its ratio to QVIS at the Earth＇s surface were 171.91 W·m-2 and 95.76%,respectively. The QVIS losses influenced by the water vapor factor and the scattering factor in the atmosphere are 16.54 W·m-2 and 311.07 W·m-2 in North China,respectively. This energy loss displayed seasonal variations and regional differences. The sensitivity test shows that QVIS displays different responses to different changing rates of the water vapor factor and the scattering factor,and is more sensitive to the change of the scattering factor than that of the water vapor factor. The QVIS has a close relationship with the water vapor factor. The actual meaning of the water vapor （item） is the sum of the direct consumption and indirect consuption （in the reactions of chemistry and photochemistry,including homogeneous and heterogeneous processes） by all kinds of substances （including gases,liquid,and solids） in the atmosphere. QVIS at the top of the atmosphere was calculated by the empirical model,and its error was 3.5%. The energy consumed in the atmosphere is related to water,and should be paid more attention at present and in the future study. The point of vi

关 键 词：可见光辐射 水汽 散射因子 能量 化学和光化学反应 

分 类 号：P422.31[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]