信息论与热力学函数  

Information Theory and Thermodynamic Function

作　　者：高一翔[1,2] 任征[1,2] 童祜嵩 

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学纺织工程学院 [2]中国纺织大学纺化系

出　　处：《西北纺织工学院学报》1999年第1期37-42,共6页Journal of Northwest Institute of Textile Science and Technology

摘　　要：介绍了信息论的有关概念和最大信息量公式，阐明了“不确定性”Ｕ是一种状态函数，它与热力学的状态函数相当，并导出了维纳（Ｎ．Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ）关于信息量是负熵变的公式，由此得到熵函数的信息论表达式：Ｓ＝－ｋｎｉ＝１ＰｉｌｎＰｉ．从上式出发，用信息论的方法导出了统计熵的公式（正则系综）：Ｓ＝ｋＴｌｎΦＴＶ＋ｋｌｎΦ．该式和统计热力学方法导出的Ｓ公式完全一致．并进一步导出了体系的自由能Ｇ、焓函数Ｈ、功函Ａ、内能ｕ等热力学函数的配分函数表达式．表明可以用信息论的方法和原理来讨论化学热力学的问题，从而阐明了现代科学技术的综合化发展的趋势．In this paper,the related concepts of information theory and the equation for maximum quantity of information were presented,and uncertainty U to be a state function equivalent to a thermodynamic state function was explained.Wieners equation of quantity of information being minus entropy change and thus the informational expression of entropyS=-k n i=1 PilnPiwas obtained.Starting from the equation above,we derive the equation for statistical entropy (canonical ensemble)S=kT ln T V+klnwhich is entirely consistent with entropy equation derived by statistical thermodynamics.And further,we derive equations for free energy G, enthalpy H,work function A,internal energy U,etc of a system in terms of partion function .This proved that the method and principle of informational theory can be used to discuss problems of chemical thermodynamics,and thus elucidating the trend of synthesization of modern science and technology.

关 键 词：物理化学 理论化学 统计力学 热力学 信息论 

分 类 号：O414[理学—理论物理] O642.1[理学—物理]