性能化设计思想在化工设施布局安全设计中的应用  

Study on performance-based safety design of chemical facility layout

作　　者：孟亦飞[1] 赵东风[1] 廖启霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)化学化工学院,青岛266555 [2]金华职业技术学院,金华321007

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2010年第6期126-130,共5页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团公司科学研究与技术开发项目(编号:2008D-4706);青岛市科技计划基础研究项目(编号:09-1-3-6-jch)

摘　　要：指令性规范是目前化工设施平面布局安全设计的主要依据,但其在应用中存在着条款僵化、安全理论基础不全面、可拓展性不明确等问题。本文将性能化设计思想引入到化工企业平面布局安全设计中,初步提出了一种包含危险辨识、性能化目标确定、后果评估及安全设施效用评估等主要组成部分的基于性能化设计思想的平面布局安全设计体系。对体系中最重要的部分—性能化目标确定进行了重点分析,将化工设施布局安全设计分为装置内设备之间的位置设计、厂区内装置区之间的位置设计以及厂区与外部单位之间的位置设计三个级别,从工艺关联性等角度对各级别布局设计中事故场景选择及设施可接受受损水平进行分析,并提出了通过匹配事故场景和设施可接受受损水平来确定性能化目标的方法。At present,the design of chemical facility layout is always based on kinds of indicated codes,e.g.Criterion of Fireproof Design of Petroleum Chemical Industry（GB50160-2008） and Code of Design on Building Fire Protection and Prevention（GB50016-2006）.There are many shortcomings in these codes,such as inflexible,lacking of comprehensive safety theory and ambiguous when applying to extra-large scale chemical plant and pilot plant.In this paper,the performance-based design principle was introduced in the chemical facility layout safety design process.With the accident consequence evaluation technology,a performance-based framework was built for the safety design of chemical facility layout,which contained four key components：hazard identification,performance target confirmation,consequence assessment and defending effect evaluation.As the most important component of the framework,performance target confirmation was analyzed in particular.The chemical facility layout design was divided into three different levels,which are separately device layout design,unit layout design and factory siting design.For each level,the accident scenario definition and acceptable facility damage level were analyzed considering the technics relevance between facilities,and a method was proposed through matching accident scenario and acceptable damage level of chemical facility to confirm suitable performance target for each level.

关 键 词：平面布局 性能化 安全设计 事故场景 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]