口腔短种植体长期修复效果的评估  

A long-term retrospective clinical study of short dental implant restoration

作　　者：吴茴[1] 李健慧[1] 邸萍[1] 邱立新[1] 林野[1] 罗佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔种植中心,100081

出　　处：《中华口腔医学杂志》2010年第12期712-716,共5页Chinese Journal of Stomatology

摘　　要：目的 评估应用短种植体进行缺牙修复的长期效果,探讨其临床应用价值.方法 1998年8月至2004年8月共有43例患者于北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔种植中心植入短种植体77枚,回顾其临床资料及X线片,测量冠-种植体比（crown-implant ratio,C/I）.选取其中负重已达到5年以上的15例患者29枚短种植体,测量种植体边缘骨高度,采用Zarb种植体成功标准及Wheeler存留标准评估短种植体5年成功率及存留率.结果 77枚短种植体的平均追踪时间为5.4年（36～99个月）,其中固定修复74枚,C/I平均值为（1.08±0.21）,活动修复3枚.负重已达5年以上的29枚短种植体中,种植术后即刻、二期术前、负重3年内、负重5年以上种植体近中边缘骨高度分别为（0.59±0.66）、（0.64±0.59）、（-0.05±1.11）、（-0.37±1.29）mm;远中边缘骨高度分别为（0.62±0.77）、（0.60±0.86）、（-0.26±1.12）、（-0.23±1. 59）mm.短种植体5年的存留率和成功率分别为97%和93%.结论 短种植体5年成功率与常规种植体无明显区别,可避免植骨手术、降低风险、缩短疗程、减轻患者的创伤及经济负担,具有良好的临床应用价值.Objective To evaluate the long-term results of short implants and assess its clinical importance. Methods A total of 77 short implants were consecutively placed in 43 patients from August 1998 to August 2004. The clinical data was reviewed and the crown-implant ratio （C/I） was measured.Twenty-nine short implants in 15 patients were loaded for more than 5 years and the marginal bone height around implant measured. The implant success and survival ratio were evaluzted according to Zarb＇s successful criteria and Wheeler＇s survival criteria. Results The mean follow-up time was 5.4 years （36 ～99 months）. Among these 77 short implants, 74 implants were fixed restoration, which mean C/I was （ 1.08 ±0. 21 ）, 3 implants were removable restoration. Of 29 short implants which were loaded for more than 5 years, the mesial bone height at the times immediately after inserting implant, before second stage surgery, loading for less than 3 years and loading for more than 5 years was （0.59 ±0.66）, （0.64 ±0. 59 ）, （ - 0. 05 ± 1.11 ）, （ - 0. 37 ± 1.29 ） mm; and the distal bone height was （ 0. 62 ± 0. 77 ）, （0. 60 ±0. 86）, （ -0. 26 ± 1. 12）, （ -0. 23 ± 1. 59） mm. The 5 year＇s survival rate and success rate were 97% and 93% respectively. Conclusions The success and survival rate of short dental implant under function were comparable to those reported for normal implants. By using the short implant, the patients can avoid the graft operation, alleviate sufferings, shorten the treatment period and reduce the cost. Therefore, it has a high value in clinical application.

关 键 词：牙种植体 冠-种植体比 边缘骨高度 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]