美军退役报废装备处置研究及启示  

Disposal of Scrap or Out of Service Equipments of the US Army and Its Implications

作　　者：辛涛[1,2] 钟孟春[3] 韩媛媛[1] 刘世伦[1] 

机构地区：[1]装甲兵工程学院技术保障工程系 [2]中国人民解放军95969部队 [3]装甲兵工程学院训练部

出　　处：《资源科学》2010年第12期2286-2291,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：全军装备系统资源节约项目

摘　　要：装备退役、报废,是根据装备性能、质量、技术状况,将不再适应战斗力要求的装备退出现役的过程,是装备全寿命、全系统管理的最后阶段,是保障部队装备完好的重要工作。它既关系到军队装备的发展和部队战斗力的提高等重大军事、经济问题,又关系到装备的保密、开发、研制以及人员安全、环境保护等多方面的问题。每一个国家都试图最大化利用退役报废装备的价值,同时,报废垃圾所产生的环境污染问题一直以来使许多国家头痛不已。随着报废装备数量的日益增多,加之环保、安全等方面的要求越来越严厉,世界各国都在寻求解决这些问题的新途径。本文在综合研究美军退役报废装备处置现状的基础上,归纳分析美军在退役报废装备的处置上具有高度重视、机构健全,三军统管、处置及时,分类处置、技术先进,军民融合、拓宽渠道等显著特点,重点探讨了对我军退役报废武器装备回收处理的启示与建议。在当前形势下,要重视退役报废装备处置,着眼全局,从全系统全寿命角度综合优化,把便于退役报废处理纳入装备设计环节,开发创新再生利用技术,探索退役报废装备管理新体制,走军民融合式的发展道路,最大限度地循环再利用装备资源,实现装备建设科学发展。Retired or scrap equipment is referred to as the out of service equipment because of not being able to reach the tactics technical indicator,backward model techniques,as well as other reasons that are not suitable to continue being on active service.Since the 1990s,the production and reserve of our troops’weaponry have been transformed from numerically superior type into quality benefit type progressively.In the past,under the guidelines of＂fight a big war and soon,wage a nuclear war＂,it has produced and equipped a large number of weapons,many of which have been already backward,far from meeting the needs for war in the future and being faced with elimination.There is no universal disposal of scrap or out of service equipments from countries all over the globe.Every country attempts to maximize utilization of the value of these assets.The authors in this work comprehensively analyzed the disposal of the US Army’s defense surplus equipment,and summed up the US Army’s primary methods：1）establishing the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service（DRMS）formerly known as Defense Property Disposal Service（DPDS）responsible for property reuse and resale,precious metal recovery,recycling,hazardous property disposal,and the demilitarization of military equipment;2）establishing the Aeronautical Maintenance and Recycle Center（AMRC）;3）establishing a＂Shadow Fleet＂by retired fleet and ships;4）carrying out equipment remanufacture program;and 5）implementing contractor support,such as Liquidity Service,Inc（LSI）.On the basis of this,the authors analyzed their characteristics,such as paying close attention,perfecting mechanisms,integrated management,disposing in time,classifying,using modern techniques,and civil-military integration.We subsequently discussed implications of the US Army experience on reutilization of the retired or scrap equipment.It is suggested that we should pay more attention to disposal of the retired or scrap equipment,and optimize synthetically from the total life cycl

关 键 词：美军 退役报废装备 资源循环利用 

分 类 号：E712[军事—军事理论]