耕作措施对土壤有机碳和活性有机碳的影响  

Effect of different tillage on soil organic carbon and its fractions in the loess plateau of China

作　　者：严昌荣[1,2] 刘恩科[1,2] 何文清[1,2] 刘爽[1,2] 刘勤[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2010年第6期58-63,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金："十一五"国家863课题"山西半干旱区现代节水农业技术集成基地"(2006AA100220);国家科技支撑计划课题"农田水分生产潜力及适度开发研究"(2006BAD29B01);国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(31000253)

摘　　要：以5年的不同耕作措施处理的长期试验为基础,研究了不同耕作措施对土壤总有机碳、微生物量碳、颗粒有机碳和可溶性有机碳的影响。试验结果显示,秸秆还田、免耕覆盖、浅旋耕和常规耕作等不同耕作措施对0～40 cm土壤有机碳有显著影响,而对40 cm以下土层土壤有机碳的影响较小。免耕覆盖处理可以提高0～10 cm土层有机碳含量,但10～40 cm土层有机碳含量低于秸秆还田和常规耕作处理。与浅旋耕和常规耕作相比,连续5年秸秆还田和免耕覆盖可显著提高0～100 cm土壤有机碳储量。同时,不同耕作措施也影响活性有机碳含量,在0～5 cm土层中,免耕覆盖处理的颗粒有机碳、可溶性有机碳和微生物碳含量最高,其次为秸秆还田、浅旋耕和常规耕作处理。与常规耕作处理相比,秸秆还田处理20～40 cm土层的颗粒有机碳、可溶性有机碳和微生物碳含量分别提高了7.3%～121.8%、31.8%～49.3%和44.2%～84.6%。The effects of tillage on total soil organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon,particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon were studied in a long-term trial,which was established in 2004 in the Loess Plateau of China.The results showed that all straw return tillage,no-tillage with straw mulching,shallow rotary tillage and conventional tillage ould significantly influenced SOC of 0～40 cm soil layer,and below 40 cm,there was statistically not significant difference among all treatments.The content of SOC in no-tillage with straw mulching was greater than other treatments,but only within the 0～10 cm soil layer.Below 10～40 cm,it had lower content of soil organic carbon of no-tillage with straw mulching than that of all straw return tillage and conventional tillage.The soil organic carbon storage in 0～100 cm of no-tillage with straw mulching and all straw return tillage were increased by 15.3% and 12.1% respectively compared to conventional tillage treatment.After 5 years of continuous planting maize,the soil organic carbon storage in 0～100 cm was significantly greater under no-tillage with straw mulching（C 67.8 t/hm2）and all straw return tillage（C 65.9 t/hm2）than that under shallow rotary tillage（C 56.4 t/hm2）and conventional tillage（C 58.5 t/hm2）.At the soil surface（0～5 cm depth）,the highest content of particulate organic carbon,dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon measured under no-tillage with straw mulching,followed by all straw return tillage,shallow rotary tillage,and conventional tillage,respectively.All straw return tillage could increase labile soil organic carbon pools in 20～40 cm depth.The average content of particulate organic carbon,dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon of all straw return tillage in 20～30 cm and 30～40 cm depth were increased by 7.3%～121.8%,31.8%～49.3%,and 44.2%～84.6%,respectively,over the conventional tillage.Labile pools were highly correlated with each other and soil organic carbon.Particulate organ

关 键 词：耕作措施 长期定位试验 有机碳 活性有机碳 

分 类 号：S34[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S153.62[农业科学—农艺学]