生物有机肥对新疆棉花黄萎病防治的生物效应  

Effects of controlling to cotton virticillium wilt with bio-organic fertilizer in Xinjiang

作　　者：李俊华[1,2] 蔡和森[3] 尚杰[3] 褚贵新[2] 危常州[2] 王飞[2] 丁雷[2] 杨兴明[1] 沈其荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,江苏南京210095 [2]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003 [3]新疆生产建设兵团农八师,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2010年第6期50-54,共5页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(200803031);农业部948重大项目(2006-G62);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC17B06)

摘　　要：采用多点大田试验,通过对棉花不同品种施用1500kg·hm-2有机肥或生物有机肥,研究棉花黄萎病的发病株数和病情级别、产量、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)和土壤速效养分含量。结果表明:施用生物有机肥能够明显降低棉花黄萎病发病率和病情指数,防病效果达到20%～79%;同时能增加棉花叶片SPAD值,提高棉花产量4.9%～21.4%。在棉花盛花期,施用生物有机肥的新陆早8号土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别增加47.4%、35.6%、5.5%;而新陆早12号分别增加20.4%、45.5%、2.6%。研究表明施用生物有机肥能增加和活化土壤养分,提高土壤供肥能力,维持棉花叶片较高的叶绿素含量,在新疆有较好的防治棉花黄萎病和增产效果。Field experiments were carried out in different locations in Xinjiang with the application rate of 1 500 kg·hm -2 bio-organic fertilizer （ BIO）. The disease index and disease incidence of virticillium wilt,yield and content of chlorophyll of cotton,and available nutrients in soils were measured. The results showed that the disease incidence and disease index decreased with the application of the BIO,so that the disease control effectivness were 20% -79% compared to the control. The content of chlorophyll （ SPAD value） of cotton leaf increased,and cotton yield incresed about 4. 9% -21. 4% with the application of BIO. In flowering period,the content of soil available nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium increased by 47. 4% ,35. 6% and 5. 5% on Xinluzao 8 with the application of BIO,and increased by 20. 4% ,45. 6% and 2. 6% on Xinluzao 12. The study showed that soil available nutrients,and the contents of cotton leaf chlorophyll increased with the application of BIO. The cotton yield was improved by controlling the virticillium wilt with BIO.

关 键 词：棉花黄萎病 生物有机肥 防效 SPAD值 土壤速效养分 

分 类 号：S144.9[农业科学—肥料学]