广州市应用乙型肝炎疫苗免疫22年人群血清学效果研究  

Serological Study on Efficacy of Immunization with Hepatitis B Vaccine for 22 Years in Guangzhou

作　　者：梁建华[1] 王鸣[1] 刘建华[1] 蔡衍珊[1] 许建雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心,广州510080

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2010年第11期1352-1355,共4页Journal of Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的评价广州市长期应用乙型肝炎疫苗(hepatitis B vaccine,HepB)对乙型肝炎(乙肝)免疫防病效果。方法在广州市全市12个区、县级市按照多阶段分层整群抽样法,以家庭为单位对1～59岁人群进行横断面调查分析,包括检测HBsAg、抗-HBs,对HepB接种史及主要乙肝感染危险因素进行问卷调查,评估人群HepB接种率,分析和比较不同年龄组、不同家庭感染状况下接种与未接种HepB人群乙型肝炎病毒感染指标,评价HepB免疫防病效果。结果 1～16岁年龄组乙肝疫苗全程接种率为88.11%(2535/2877),17～59岁人群有乙肝疫苗免疫史为20.75%(470/2113)。在推行新生儿HepB接种纳入计划免疫管理后出生的1～16岁人群,HBsAg阳性率为1.29%,而出生时尚未开展HepB接种的20～59岁人群HBsAg阳性率为13.72%。1～16岁人群中有HepB接种史人群HBsAg阳性率0.99%,无接种史人群为5.56%,疫苗保护率为82.19%。20～59岁人群接种HepB,基本都不是在新生儿时期,疫苗保护率为52.01%。新生儿接种HepB,母婴乙肝传播阻断率为94.16%,并能有效阻断家庭内水平传播。结论长期实施新生儿接种HepB能控制、消除受种人群乙肝病毒感染,非新生儿人群接种HepB也能显著降低乙肝病毒感染率。Objective To study on efficacy of immunization against hepatitis B virus（HBV） of people who had been immunized by hepatitis B vaccine（HepB） for long time in Guangzhou.Methods A multistage randomized cluster sampling and cross sectional analysis was carried out in the population by families of the twelve districts of Guangzhou,age 1 to 59 years old.Every study subject′s HepB immunization history and main risk were investigated through questionnaire.Venous blood samples were collected and then tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs by means of ELISA.The immunization coverage rate of HepB among peoples of every age groups and protective efficacy of the children with immunization of HepB whose family members at least one were HBsAg（＋） was evaluated.Results The whole process coverage rate of HepB was 88.11%（2535/2877） in 1-16 age group.The immunization rate of HepB in 17-59 age group was 20.75%（470/2113）.The HBsAg positive rate of 1-16 years old peoples who were born in the period of introduction of hepatitis B vaccine into expanded program on immunization was 1.29% and 20-59 years old peoples was 13.72%,among1-16 age people,with 7.75% in vaccinated group and with 16.15% in no vaccinated group.The protective rate against HBV was 82.19% in 1-16 age group and was 52.01% in 17-59 age group who were inoculated with HepB not in period of birth.The HepB protective rate to HBV transmission from mother-to-infant was 94.16% and protective effect against HBV transmission of family member-to-children was good.Conclusion Immunization with HepB in newborns for long time is the efficient measure to control and eliminate HBV infection.The positive rate of HBsAg in people who were inoculated with HepB not in period of birth also could be decreased.

关 键 词：乙型肝炎病毒 乙型肝炎疫苗 效果 

分 类 号：R512.62[医药卫生—内科学] R186[医药卫生—临床医学]