从回交导入群体中筛选耐盐和抗旱水稻植株  

Screening of Salt and Drought Tolerant Plants from Backcross Populations in Rice

作　　者：王英[1] 李宏[2] 崔彦茹[1] 陈凯[1] 周少川[2] 徐建龙[1] 黎志康[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [2]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所,广州510640 [3]国际水稻研究所

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2010年第6期1133-1141,共9页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：农业部948专项(2006-G51;2006-G1)资助

摘　　要：盐害和干旱已经成为水稻产量的限制因子。培育耐盐和抗旱水稻品种的前提是高效筛选携带耐盐和抗旱基因的单株。本研究以黄华占为轮回亲本,来源于不同国家的46个品种为供体培育的BC2F2群体为材料,进行苗期耐盐和生殖生长期抗旱筛选。尽管供体和受体本身不具备耐盐性和抗旱性,但导入后代普遍出现耐盐和抗旱的超亲分离,表明供体品种普遍存在提高导入后代耐盐和抗旱的有利"隐蔽基因"。与耐盐性表现相比,导入后代出现抗旱株的组合数和每个群体中筛选出的抗旱株数均显著多于耐盐性,表明抗旱"隐蔽基因"更广泛分布在不同籼粳水稻品种中,而且抗旱性可能比耐盐性具有更广泛的适应机制。研究表明,培育回交导入系加以适当的选择压是发掘耐盐和抗旱"隐蔽基因"的有效方法。Salinity and drought are two major factors limiting rice production in China.Developing drought and salt tolerant（DT and ST） rice varieties is the most efficient way to solve the problem.In this study,we reported an effort to improve both DT and ST of a popular indica variety,Huanghuazhan（HHZ） by introgressing genetic diversity from a diverse set of 46 donors.BC2F2 populations derived from crosses between as HHZ and these donors were screened for both DT and ST under controlled and filed conditions and a large number of BC progenies with improved DT and ST were obtained.Our results clearly indicated that there is rich hidden genetic variation for both DT and ST in the donor lines used and phenotypic selection under severe stress conditions was a powerful way to identify transgressive segregations from the segregating BC populations.As compared ST,the number of crosses with DT segregation and DT plants screened from each population were significantly more than those for ST,indicating DT ＂hidden genes＂ have been widely dispersed indica and japonica varieties and more adaptable mechanisms exist in DT than ST.It is effective to mine ＂hidden genes＂ of DT and ST by developing introgression lines in combination with a suitable selection pressure on the two stresses.The selected DT and ST progenies,once confirmed,will provide useful materials for identifying gene/QTL affecting the two traits and for developing DT and ST varieties by pyramiding.

关 键 词：回交导入 抗逆筛选 耐盐 抗旱 隐蔽基因 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]