黄淮海平原三种土壤中优势流现象的试验研究  

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON PREFERENTIAL FLOW IN THREE SOILS IN HUNAG-HUAI-HAI PLAIN

作　　者：程竹华[1] 张佳宝[1] 徐绍辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《土壤学报》1999年第2期154-161,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!49671041

摘　　要：在黄淮海平原选择三种不同质地类型的土壤（砂壤土，淤土，风沙土），各设1．5m×1．5m两个小区，其中一个小区在试验开始前两天灌水约56kg，以获得不同的初始含水量。将100mm含有染色剂亮蓝的水灌入小区，一天之后，开挖1m×1m的剖面拍照，进行图像分析处理，计算剖面中染色百分比随深度的变异，研究所形成的优势流的状况与土壤类型、土壤初始含水量的关系。结果表明：不同土壤发生优势流的程度不同，结构发育好的土壤更容易形成优势流；在风沙土和砂壤土上初始含水量影响优势流形成的程度，初始含水量越高，优势流现象越明显，但在本试验设置的含水量条件下这种差异在淤土上是不显著的。在比较容易形成优势流的砂壤土上进行的多效唑和非反应性阴离子（氯离子）的优势迁移研究表明：氯离子极易随水分迁移，在优势流存在的地方采集土壤样品均得到其氯离子含量远远高于土壤本底值的结果；对于迁移性一般的多效唑，在染色剂到达的最大深度亦能测得其存在。There soils with different texture (sandy loam, eolian sand, warp clay) were selected in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Each treatment consisted of two 1.5m by 1.5m plots, one of which had been irrigated with about 56kg water two days before the dye experiment tO achieve different initial water contents. Brilliant Blue was chosen as the dye tracer. One day after the irrigation, a vertical 1m by 1m soil profile was prepared. Photographs were taken for graphics analysis. And the relations between the occurrence of preferential flow and soil type, initial warer content were studied. The results showed that susceptibility of different soils to preferential flow was different.Stuctured soils were more prone to produce bypass flow. The initial water content had a pronounced effect in sandy loam soil and eolian sand soil and no effect in warp clay soil according to the deepest transport depth of the dye. The preferential transports of paclobutrazol and C1- were carried on sandy loam soil. C1- was detected at every site where preferential flow existed and had a much higher content than soil background content. Paclobutrazol could also be detected even at the deepest transport depth of the dye.

关 键 词：染色示踪剂 优势流 初始含水量 土壤 黄淮海平原 

分 类 号：S152.72[农业科学—土壤学]