应用碳、氮稳定同位素研究稻田多个物种共存的食物网结构和营养级关系  

Ecological studies on the food web structures and trophic relationships of multiple species coexistence in paddy fields using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes

作　　者：张丹[1,2] 闵庆文[1] 成升魁[1] 王玉玉[1,2] 杨海龙[1,2] 何露[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第24期6734-6740,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：联合国-西班牙千年发展目标基金项目(UNJP/CPR/040/SPA);GEF项目(GCP/GLO/212/GEF);农业部国际合作交流项目资助

摘　　要：稳定碳、氮同位素比值分析技术是研究生态系统中物质循环与能量流动的有效技术。δ13C值常用来分析消费者食物来源,δ15N值常用来确定生物在食物网中的营养位置。应用稳定同位素技术分析了稻-鱼(R-F)和稻-鱼-鸭(R-F-D)两种稻作方式下,稻田多个物种共存的食物网结构和营养级关系。结果表明,R-F中SOM的δ13C值为(-27.7±0.3)‰,与R-F-D(-27.4±0.4)‰,相差不大;R-F中POM的1δ3C值为(-27.4±0.8)‰,低于稻鱼鸭共生田(-26.7±0.5)‰;δ15N值计算发现R-F内浮游动物的营养级位置在2.24±0.16,鱼的营养级位置在3.07±0.26,均高于其在R-F-D内的营养级。在R-F-D内,由于鸭的引入,和R-F相比,鱼的营养级降低为2.63±0.13。The structure and trophic relationship of food webs are fundamental research topics in modern ecology.Food webs are important for the understanding of patterns and processes of an ecosystem.Inventory of the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in organisms has been increasingly used as a powerful approach to study the structure and dynamics of food webs and trophic relationships in the studies in a wide variety of ecosystems.Carbon isotope ratios（δ13C） are used to trace food sources of consumers,while nitrogen isotope ratios（δ15N） are mainly used to quantify trophic levels of organisms.By using stable isotopes analysis,the food web structures and trophic relationships of multiple species coexisted in different farming systems：（1） rice-fish culture（R-F）;（2） rice-fish-duck culture（R-F-D）were examined in this paper.The results showed that a weak positive relativity existed between the δ^13C and δ^15N values and the body length and weight of fishes.Compared with the δ^13C and δ^15N values in Anas platyrhynchos domestic wing muscles,the ones in leg muscles were not different,while the ones in livers were significantly different.The δ^13C values of sedimentary organic matter（SOM）showed no difference between R-F and R-F-D.The δ^13C values of particulate organic matter（POM） in R-F（（-27.4±0.8） ‰） lower than that in R-F-D（（-26.7±0.5） ‰）.The δ^13C values of macrophytes in R-F ranged from-31.9‰―-26.1‰,and were not significantly different from that in R-F-D（-31.3‰―-28.5‰）.The δ^13C was significantly higher in the submersed macrophytes than that in other macrophytes,while the δ^15N was significantly higher in the emergent macrophytes than that in other macrophytes.The similar δ^13C values in Spirogyra spp.and fish indicated that phytoplankton was the major food source for the fish.The similar δ^13C values in Anodonta spp,Macrobrachium spp.zooplankton,SOM and POM indicated that POM and demersal algae were the major food source for the most zo

关 键 词：稳定同位素 Δ^13C δ^15N 食物网 稻田多个物种共存 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]