海洋生态资本概念与属性界定  

Marine ecological capital:concept and attributes

作　　者：陈尚[1] 任大川[2] 李京梅[2] 夏涛[1] 王栋[3] 杜国英[4] 王其翔[5] 柯淑云[6] 王丽[1] 王敏[4] 赵志远[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,青岛266061 [2]中国海洋大学经济学院,青岛266100 [3]中国海洋大学海洋环境学院,青岛266100 [4]中国海洋大学生命学院,青岛266003 [5]山东省海水养殖研究所,青岛266002 [6]福建省海洋与渔业厅,福州350003

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第23期6323-6330,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家海洋局908项目(908-02-04-03);国家海洋局海洋行业公益项目(2011418006);山东海洋与渔业厅908项目(SD-908-02-10);福建海洋与渔业厅908项目(FJ908-02-02-07);山东省科技厅项目(2007GG10005012);国家自然科学基金项目(31072211)

摘　　要：海洋生态资源是人类社会经济发展的基础,对其进行资本化界定是对其进行价值评估和资本化管理的前提。基于自然资本和生态系统服务两大理论,结合国内外学者对"自然资本"、"生态资本"等概念的界定和认识,考虑海洋生态系统的特性,提出了海洋生态资本的概念,认为海洋生态资本是能够直接或间接作用于人类社会经济生产、提供有用的产品流或服务流的海洋生态资源。海洋生态资本的价值是指海洋生态资本的存量价值及其产生的收益流价值,包括各类海洋生态资源的现存量价值及其组成海洋生态系统整体而产生的生态系统服务价值。比较了海洋生态资本与海洋生态系统服务、生态资产、自然资本、海洋资源等概念的异同,进而探讨了海洋生态资本的一般属性及其特殊属性。Marine ecological resources are the foundation of social and economic development.A nation＇s marine economic development mainly depends on the quantity and quality of marine ecological resources it possesses.Marine ecological resources,as the important input to marine industry,can be viewed as ＂capital ＂.According to the World Bank＇ s definition,capital consists of natural capital,man-made capital,human capital and social capital.Marine ecological resources are the important component of natural capital.Valuation and capitalized management of marine ecological resources are very important for human＇s sustainable development.This article proposed the concept of marine ecological capital based on the theories of both natural capital and ecosystem services.At the same time the authors consider the definitions of ＂natural capital＂and ＂ecological assets＂ defined by national and international scholars and also the special characteristics of marine ecological resources.Marine ecological capital was defined as marine ecological resources which have direct or indirect contributions to humans＇ social and economic production and provide benefits for humans.The value of marine ecological capital is defined as the monetized benefits for humans from marine ecological capital,including marine ecological resource stock value and marine ecosystem service value.Marine ecological resources consist of marine living organisms and their habitats（i.e.seawater,surface seabed）,as well as the marine ecosystem and they act as a whole.Marine ecological capital has the general attributes of capital as well as its own attributes.General attributes include the overall and long-term profitability,the nature of production input and scarcity.Marine ecological capital＇ s attributes include threshold,holistic nature,mutual promotion and restraint,spatial-temporal complexity,mobility,across-region transfer,incomplete ownership,public goods and externality.The marine ecological capital concept is different from marine ecosys

关 键 词：海洋生态资本 生态资源 生态系统服务 生态资产 自然资本 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]