黔中喀斯特山区退化生态系统生物量结构与N、P分布格局及其循环特征  

Partitioning of vegetation biomass,nutrient storage and cycling of degraded ecosystems from moutainous Karst region,central Guizhou,China

作　　者：杜有新[1,2] 潘根兴[1] 李恋卿[1] 胡忠良[1] 王新洲[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所,南京210095 [2]江西省、中国科学院庐山植物园,庐山332900

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第23期6338-6347,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“973”(2006CB403205)

摘　　要：喀斯特生态系统退化导致植被群落结构简单、系统生态功能逐渐丧失与稳定性不断下降,这些退化特征皆与系统生物量结构和生物地球化学循环特征密切相关。采用实地调查和典型取样方法,探讨了贵州省普定县3个不同退化程度的喀斯特生态系统生物量结构与养分分布格局。结果表明:(1)随着生态系统不断退化,植被地上部分生物量和土壤有效态养含量呈下降趋势,植物营养物质通过凋落物返还土壤的比例也呈类似的趋势,而细根和草本植物等活性生物组分的生物量却呈现上升趋势。(2)对应于生物量结构的变化,各组分主要养分储量也呈现相似的变化特征。乔木林枯落物层养分(N和P)累积量显著高于草本层和细根部分,而灌木林和灌草丛系统草本层和细根部分的养分储量超过或接近枯落物层。(3)随着生态系统不断退化,N和P的生物吸收率、生物返还率、生物迁移率和生物分解率出现明显变化,生物吸收率和生物分解率呈现明显下降趋势,而生物迁移率和生物返还率却表现出上升趋势。The system functioning and stability for resilience and sustainability has been increasingly concerned with restoration and re-establishment of degraded karst ecosystems in the areas with rock desertification in Southwest China.However,decline in vegetation biomass and nutrient pool has been generally associated with changes in ecosystem functioning and sustainability.To address the relations between biomass,nutrient storage and ecosystem functioning,the partitioning of biomass and major nutrients among the different vegetation pools were studied by a pilot study using a degradation sequence of three karst ecosystems with different degree of vegetation decline from Puding County,Central Guizhou,South West China.The results showed that：（1） there was a decreasing trend both in vegetation biomass above ground and in soil nutrient availability as well as nutrient returning through littering,an increasing trend of fine root biomass and herbaceous biomass with the degradation trend of the ecosystems.The organic matter storage in forest floor was respectively 10 times as the herbaceous biomass and 2 times as the fine root biomass in the forest stand（FO）.Whereas,the herbaceous biomass and fine root biomass were 3.5 times and 2.1 times as that of floor organic matter in the shrubland stand（SH）,and 2.4 times and 1.4 times as that of floor organic matter in the shrub-and-grassland（SHG） respectively.（2） The nutrient accumulations in ecosystem components varied with the vegetation biomass pattern.The N and P accumulations in forest floor organic matter were significantly higher than that in herbaceous layer and in fine roots in the FO,while the N and P accumulations in herbaceous layer and in fine roots were higher than or similar to that in floor organic matter in the SH and the SHG.（3） There was a sharp decline in nutrient uptake and decomposition percentage,with an increase in percentage of nutrient translocated and returned to soil with the increasing degradation in vegetation from forest to gras

关 键 词：喀斯特生态系统 植被退化 生物量结构 养分 循环特征 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]