天山西部地区近50年水面蒸发量变化特征及趋势分析  

Analysis of Characteristics and Long-term Trend of Water Surface Evaporation of West Tianshan Area in Last 50 years

作　　者：夏依木拉提.艾依达尔艾力 

机构地区：[1]新疆伊犁水文水资源勘测局,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《水文》2010年第6期88-92,共5页Journal of China Hydrology

摘　　要：利用天山西部地区10个代表性水文、气象站1957-2006年20cm口径蒸发皿观测的水面蒸发量资料。分析了天山西部地区水面蒸发量的变化趋势。结果表明，天山西部地区代表站水面蒸发量具有明显的地区分布特性，水面蒸发量随海拔高程的增高而减少；水面蒸发量的年内变化很不均匀。而年际变化比较稳定；从1987年开始天山西部地区代表站年水面蒸发量转入一个快速下降的阶段．20世纪90年代和21世纪初．平均年水面蒸发量较1957-2006年50年均值减少6％-7％，较1957-1986年30年均值减少10％-11％。在季节变化中以夏季水面蒸发量的减少趋势尤为显著；滑动t检验的结果证实，1987年是天山西部地区水面蒸发量由多向少发生突变的转折年；50年来，水面蒸发量总体上呈明显减少的趋势，年水面蒸发量的气候倾向率为-53．2mm／10a。这与黄河等流域近40、50年蒸发皿蒸发量呈明显下降趋势的结论基本一致；水面蒸发量与降水量呈负相关关系，可以初步认为降水及湿度的增加是天山西部地区水面蒸发量明显减少的主要间接因素之一。The change trend of water surface evaporation in the west Tianshan area was analyzed by using small evaporation pan data of 10 stations of hydrometry and meteorology in the basin from 1957 to 2006. The results show that there is an obvious local distribution characteristics of water surface evaporation, water surface evaporation reduce with the altitude increasing. There is nonuniform change of water surface evaporation within a year, but the annual change is stable. The rapid decline of water surface evaporation started from 1987. In 1990s and early 21 century, the average annual water surface evaporation is fewer than that in by 6%-7% during the years 1957-2006, fewer than that by 10%- 11% during the years 1957-1986. In summer, there is an obvious decrease trend of water surface evaporation. The result of Student test shows that the water surface evaporation started turning to decrease from 1987. Generally speaking, water surface evaporation is in a decrease trend in recent 50 years, with the average decreasing rate of 12.3mm/10a, which is consistent to that in the Yellow River basin in recent 40 or 50 years. The inverse relationship between water surface evaporation and precipitation indicate that the increase of precipitation and humidity is one of the indirect factors for water surface evaporation reduce in the west Tianshan area.

关 键 词：水面蒸发量 趋势分析 变化特征 天山西部地区 

分 类 号：P332.2[天文地球—水文科学]