凉山山系林麝夏季利用生境特征  

Habitat characteristics favored by forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in summer in Liangshan Mountains

作　　者：杨萃[1] 马光[1] 孟秀祥[1] 徐宏发[2] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081 [2]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第1期18-23,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30770286);教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"项目(NCET-08-0596);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BADB0B06)资助

摘　　要：采用样线法对位于四川凉山山系的美姑大风顶自然保护区林麝(Moschus ber-ezovskii)的夏季利用生境特征进行了调查,并对利用生境样地(n=44)和非利用样地(n=209)的生境变量进行了比较。结果表明:大风顶保护区的林麝夏季利用生境的郁闭度(32.4%±1.9%)、灌木盖度(27.1%±2.4%)及竹子盖度(40.8%±3.0%)均显著小于对照样地(郁闭度,50.5%±1.0%;灌木盖度,39.7%±1.2%;竹子盖度,59.1%±1.0%)(P<0.01),其海拔(2762.16m±12.63m)也显著低于非利用样地(2777.80m±11.21m,P<0.05),而对照样地的基底岩石面积(1.5%±0.4%)显著少于利用样地(18.3%±1.6%),此外,凉山林麝夏季喜好利用位于中坡位(72.7%)的45°以上的坡地(36.4%),对平坡有回避趋向。主成分分析表明,对凉山林麝生境选择起重要作用的前4个主成分的累积贡献率达74%,第1主成分为植被因子(由竹子高度、植被类型和灌木盖度构成),林麝夏季选择针阔混交林(11.4%)和针叶林(88.6%)中的具有一定灌木盖度(27.1%±2.4%)和竹子高度(1.76m±0.08m)的生境;第2主成分为地形因子(由海拔和坡度构成),林麝夏季选择一定海拔的坡地生境;第3主成分为水热因子(由水源和坡向构成),选择选择距离水源较近的东南坡生境为栖息地;第4主成分为生境基底(由倒木树桩密度和竹子盖度构成),选择具有一定倒木树桩和竹子盖度的生境。A transect investigation was made from June to August 2005 to study the habitat characteristics favored by forest musk deer （Moschus berezovskii） in summer in Dafengding National Natural Reserve in Liangshan Mountains of Sichuan Province, Southwest China. A total of 44 M. berezovskii-favored plots （20 m×20 m） and 209 non-favored plots （20 m×20 m） were sampled to compare 14 habitat variables. The variables were recorded as continuous factors such as elevation and shrub canopy and discrete variables such as slope position and water-source dispersion. The results showed that in summer, M. berezovskii preferred the habitats with lower proportions of arbor canopy （32.4% ±1.9% ）, shrub canopy （27.1%±2.4% ）, and bamboo canopy （40. 8%± 3.0% ）, and higher proportion of rocky area （ 18.3% ±1.6% ） predominantly situated on eastern and southern slopes （81.8%）. In comparison, the corresponding habitat variables for non-favored plots were 50. 5% ±1.0% , 39.7%±1.2%, 59.1%±1.0%, and 1.5%±0. 4%, respectively. Principal components analysis （PCA） indicated the most important factor affecting M. berezovskii habitat selection was vegetation factor （including bamboo height, vegetation type, and shrub canopy）. During summer, M. berezovskii predominantly selected conifer-broadleaf forest （ 11.4% ） and conifer forest （88.6%） with certain shrub canopy （27.1%±2. 4% ） and bamboo canopy （1.76 m±0. 08 m）. In addition, topographic factor （including elevation and slope gradient） , water-heat factor （ including slope aspect and water-source dispersion） , and habitat-ground factor were also important in determining the habitat characteristics favored by M. berezovskii in summer.

关 键 词：林麝 生境特征 夏季 凉山山系 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]