青藏高原可可西里地区藏棕熊暖季食性及采食行为模式  

Food habits and hunting patterns of Tibetan brown bear during warm seasons in Kekexili region on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：徐爱春[1] 蒋志刚[2] 李春旺[2] 蔡平[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国计量学院生命科学学院,浙江杭州310018 [2]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101 [3]青海省林业局野生动物及自然保护区管理局,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2010年第6期670-674,共5页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：浙江省自然基金(Y5090080);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-EW-Z-4);国家科技支撑项目(2007BAC03A08-4)

摘　　要：藏棕熊(Ursus arctos pruinosus)是青藏高原特有的棕熊亚种,作者曾对该地区藏棕熊夏季食性进行了初步报道(Xu et al,2006),然而,藏棕熊的采食行为模式一直未见报道。2009年7-8月,作者又对可可西里地区藏棕熊食性及采食行为模式做了补充调查研究,对两次考察所获得的数据进行了整合分析,研究结果表明,该地区藏棕熊主要以动物性食物为主,其中,高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)的相对频次为37.3%和干物质量为44.7%,下同);野牦牛(Bos grunniens)分别为18.7%和30.2%;藏羚(Pantholops hodgsoni)分别为15.0%和16.2%。藏棕熊在可可西里地区有两种采食行为模式:主动捕食高原鼠兔和采食藏羚、藏原羚和野牦牛尸体。观察期间藏棕熊约用10%的时间挖掘高原鼠兔的洞穴捕捉高原鼠兔,但未见藏棕熊主动捕食大型哺乳动物。粪样分析结果发现,藏棕熊主动捕食的高原鼠兔和喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)和通过食腐方式获得的藏羚、藏原羚和野牦牛的生物量基本相等。Tibetan brown bear （Ursus arctos pruinosus） is an endemic subspecies of brown bear on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. We once reported a preliminary study on the summer food habit of Tibetan brown bear from July to August, 2005 in the Kekexili （Hoh Xil）.. However, the hunting modes of the Tibetan brawn bear have not been reported. From July to August, 2009, we collected additional data on food habits and hunting patterns of Tibetan brown bear in the Kekexili region. We found Tibetan brown bears are more raptatorial than vegetarian, and their basal food was plateau pika （Ochotona curzoniae）, relative frequency occurrence of pika in the fecal residual of brawn bear was 37.3%, dry weight of pika residuals was 44.7%, respectively, followed by wild yak （Bos grunniens） , 18.7% and 30.2%, and Tibetan antelope （Pantholops hodgsoni） 15.0% and 16.2%. Both prey actively mode and scavenge mode were used by Tibetan brown bears in Kekexili. Tibetan brawn bears actively dug and hunted for pika and scavenged bodies of wild yak, Tibetan antelope and Tibetan gazelle. We observed that Tibetan brawn bears spent about 10% of their time to dig and to hunt for pika but we had never seen Tibetan brawn bears actively hunted large mammals such as wild yak, Tibetan antelope and Tibetan gazelle. The total amount of Tibetan antelope, Tibetan gazelle and wild yak ingested by Tibetan brown bear through scavenge was about the same amount of Plateau pika and Himalayan marmot （Marmota himalayana） eaten by the bear.

关 键 词：食性 采食行为模式 可可西里 藏棕熊 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]