黄土旱塬区农田施肥、产量与土壤深层干燥化的关系研究  

Study on the relationship between fertilization,yield and soil desiccation in the Loess Plateau region

作　　者：薛晓辉[1,2,3] 郝明德[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039 [3]毕节学院环境与生命科学系,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2010年第6期75-80,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2005CB121101);中国科学院知识创新方向性项目(kzcx2-yw-424-3);中国科学院农业项目(kzcx1-yw-n15-04);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09B04)

摘　　要：施肥作为稳定作物高产的关键措施之一,同时也会加强对土壤水分的耗损。于2007年小麦播种前测定了长期施肥的试验田0-300 cm土壤剖面水分含量。结果表明,不同施肥处理播前小麦地土壤在1 m深度范围内含水量变化很小,贮水量的极差值为14.7 mm;土壤水分的变化主要集中在100-300 cm土层,贮水量极差值为130.1 mm,且土层深度100-260 cm处出现土壤深层干燥化现象,并随肥料用量增加干燥化程度趋于严重;260 cm以下土壤含水量逐渐上升。氮磷肥配施土壤干层含水量显著高于单施氮肥,单施氮肥显著高于单施磷肥和不施肥,而不施肥和单施磷肥土壤干层含水量差异不显著。从产量角度看,小麦产量与干层水分含量呈线形显著负相关。当产量小于1 354 kg/hm^2,土壤无干层;当产量在1 355-2 406 kg/hm^2之间,土壤干层属于轻度干燥化;当产量在2 407-3 458 kg/hm^2范围内,土壤干层属于中度干燥化。Fertilization is a key measure to get high yield in the cropland,and it can increase the consumption of water in the deep soil.The water concentrations were determined under different fertilization conditions in the vertical soil profiles before wheat seeding in 2007.The results showed that the changes of water concentration in the 0～100 cm soil layer were slight on different fertilization conditions,and the range of moisture storage was 14.7 mm.The changes of moisture storage were very great in the 100～300 cm soil layer,and the range of moisture storage was 130.1 mm.The phenomenon of soil desiccation was observed in the 100～260 cm soil layer and the degree of soil desiccation increased with the addition of fertilizer application rates.However,the water concentration in soil rose again below 260 cm depth in the vertical soil profile.The water concentration in the dried soil layer was the highest in plots where N and P2O5 were applied together,which was higher than the water concentration in plots where N or P was applied alone.The water concentration was the lowest in the dried soil layer in unfertilizered soil.But,the differences of water concentration were not significant between CK and P treatments in the dried soil layer.In the term of yield,the yield of winter wheat was significantly negative correlated to the water concentration of dried layer as line type.There was no dry layer in deep soil when the yield of winter wheat was less than 1 354 kg/hm^2,and the degree of desiccation in deep soil was slight when the yield of winter wheat was among 1 355 to 2 406 kg/hm^2,and the degree of desiccation in deep soil was moderate when the yield of winter wheat was among 2 407 to 3 458 kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：农田 施肥 产量 土壤干燥化 黄土旱塬区 

分 类 号：S152.71[农业科学—土壤学]