兰州核不育小麦突变体的遗传研究及其应用  

Studies and application of genetics of wheat recessive male sterile mutant

作　　者：刘忠祥[1] 周宽基[1] 王世红[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2010年第6期129-135,141,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然基金项目"兰州核不育小麦"突变体的育性研究(30170593);甘肃省自然科学基金项目"4E-ms杂交小麦生产体系的建立"资助

摘　　要：以小麦不育系257A为母本,中国春、阿勃、甘麦8号、陇春7号、陇春11号、宁春4号、宁春16号、KUZA、西农1376为父本,杂交后代F1、F2和BC1为材料,调查F1结实率和F2代不育株数与可育株数分离比率,结果表明:F1正常结实,平均结实率为87.4%,F2代不育株数与可育株数分离比符合1∶3的单基因遗传分离规律和回交遗传的1∶1分离规律。证明该核不育突变体为单隐性核基因突变,具有普通小麦细胞质,不育性遗传稳定、彻底,不受光温变化的影响。利用该核不育突变体(2n=42W(msms)=42)和蓝粒附加系小麦[2n=42W(MSMS)+2(4E)=44]杂交,经连续多代自交选育,创建了"4E-ms杂交小麦生产体系",实现了小麦隐性核不育性的有效保持,开辟了我国小麦核不育杂种优势利用的新途径、新方法。组配的杂交种2574A/墨引45在2003年的产量比较试验中,小区平均折合产量为9 183 kg/hm2,比对照宁春4号增产15.3%,表现中矮秆,株高91.5 cm,优质、高产,具有良好的生产应用价值。Using Zhongguochun,Abo,Ganmai 8,Longchun7,Longchun 11,Ningchun 4,Ningchun 16,KUZA and Xinong 1376 as father parent,male sterility line 257A as female parent was ass-embled.The results show that the F1 generation have normal seeds and The average seed rate of 87.4%.The number of F2 generation sterile plants and fertile plants line with the 1∶3 segregation ratio.Its backcross generation separation of 1∶1.This result certificated that the male sterile mutant for a single recessive nuclear gene mutation and With common wheat cytoplasm.Sterility genetic of the male sterile mutant is stable and completely and not being contral by the light and temperature changes.By breeding continuous for Hybri-dization generation of the male sterile mutant（2n=42W（msms）=42） and blue addition lines of wheat grain [2n=42W（MSMS）＋2（4E）=44],4E-ms system of hybrid wheat was Created successfully and genetic male sterility of wheat be maintained.Fund a new ways of male sterile wheat heterosis and utilization in China.Yield of Hybrids seed with ＂2574A/moyin 45＂ was 9 183 kg/hm^2 in 2003. Yield compared with the control variety Ningchun4 increas 15.3% relativly.It＇s plant height 91.5 cm and the seed with high-quality and yield.

关 键 词：小麦 核不育突变体 育性遗传 4E-ms系 育种应用 

分 类 号：S512.103[农业科学—作物学]