高大气CO_2浓度下C3植物叶片水分利用效率升高的研究进展  

The physiological mechanism of the increment of C3 plant leaf water use efficiency under high atmospheric CO_2 condition

作　　者：王润佳[1] 高世铭[2] 张绪成[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院农业部西北作物抗旱栽培与耕作重点开放实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2010年第6期190-195,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30800668)

摘　　要：大气CO2升高不仅造成一系列的气候变化反应,而且对植物的生理、生长等都有显著影响。本文对高大气CO2浓度下C3植物叶片的气孔密度、气孔导度以及植物的光合、蒸腾作用和水分利用效率影响的研究进展进行了论述,认为高大气CO2浓度下,植物叶片气孔密度明显降低,而气孔导度同样也下降了约30%左右。光合速率的增幅一般为50%-100%,不同植物蒸腾速率下降幅度表现极为不一致,约为10%-70%,水分利用效率则呈上升趋势,且氮肥处理充足下的WUE增加幅度比氮肥处理不充足的大。本文对它们之间的相互关系进行了分析,为培育高水分利用效率和节水作物品种提供理论依据。Elevated atmospheric CO2 is not only a reaction caused by a series of climate change,but also has a significant impact on plant physiological process and growth.This article analyses the research progress on the leaf stomatal density,stomatal conductance,plant photosynthesis,transpiration and water use efficiency under the condition of high atmospheric CO2 enrichment.It is found out that under such condition stomatal density decreases significantly,and stomatal conductance also decreases significantly（30%）.Plant photosynthesis increases by 50%～100% in general.The decreased rate of transpiration may differ on different plant,about 10%～70%.The water use efficiency（WUE） increases,and its increasing rate under adequate nitrogen treatment is more obvious than that under inadequate treatment.And analysis is made of the interrelationship between them.The conclusion can be used as theoretical basis for breeding crop varieties with high water use and water-saving efficiency.

关 键 词：C3植物 气孔 光合作用 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]