天水冬小麦光能利用率的气候影响及动态变化  

Climate influence and dynamic changes of light energy utilization of winter wheat in Tianshui

作　　者：胡利平[1,2] 张华兰 乔艳君 安晶[1] 李建国 陶倩 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省天水市气象局,甘肃天水741018 [2]甘肃省天水农业气象试验站,甘肃天水741020 [3]甘肃省兰州市气象局,甘肃兰州730020 [4]秦安县气象局,甘肃秦安741600

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2010年第6期258-262,270,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：科技部科研院所社会公益研究项目"西北地区旱作农业对气候变暖的响应特征及其预警和应对技术研究"(GYHY20080621)

摘　　要：利用甘肃天水农业气象试验站1995-2009年冬小麦试验资料及中国西北地区太阳能资源综合区划总辐射资料,对冬小麦整株及各器官全生育期、各生育期光能利用率进行计算,并分析了期间气候因素对其的影响。结果表明,叶、鞘、茎、穗和籽粒在内的总干物质的光能利用率为1.30%-2.18%,且光能利用率愈大,对产量贡献愈大;各器官的光能利用率按大小排序为穗〉茎〉叶〉鞘。整株各生育期的光能利用率返青前均较低,低于0.5%,返青后迅速升高,且在乳熟期达到高峰,为4%左右;叶、鞘两器官各生育期的光能利用率均较小,小于0.5%,茎与穗的则较大,至抽穗时茎达最大,为1.5%,乳熟时穗达最大,为2.3%。说明茎、穗对冬小麦整株的光能利用率贡献较大。气候的变化对冬小麦光能利用率的影响十分明显,尤以降水表现突出,说明降水量的不足是限制冬小麦光能利用率提高的主要因子;提出了提高冬小麦光能利用率的有效途径和对策措施。Based on experimental data of of winter wheat of Tianshui Agrometeorological Experiment Station in 1995～2009 a and the comprehensive zoning data of total radiation of solar energy resources in northwest China,light energy utilization of whole plant and different organs of winter wheat is calculated in the whole growth period and different growth stages of winter wheat and the impact of climatic factors on them is analyzed.The results show that the light energy utilization of total dry matter including leaf,sheath,stem, ear and grain is 1.30%～2.18%,and the greater the light energy utilization is,the greater its contribution to the output is;The amount of light energy utilization of various organs is ear〉stem〉leaf〉sheath.The light energy utilization of the whole plant before reviving is comparatively low,under 0.5%,but it increases rapidly after reviving,reaching a peak in the milky stage,around 4%;The light energy utilization of leaf and sheath at various growth stages is low,less than 0.5%;While the light energy utilization of stem and ear is higher,and that of the stem reaches the maximum of 1.5% at earing time while that of the ear reaches the maximum of 2.3% at milky stage,which indicates that stem and ear make greater contribution in the light energy utilization of the whole plant of winter wheat.The impact of climate change is very obvious in the light energy utilization of winter wheat,especially precipitation has outstanding effects,showing that the deficiency of precipitation is the main restricting factor to the light energy utilization of winter wheat.So some effective ways and countermeasures are proposed to improve light energy utilization of winter wheat.

关 键 词：冬小麦 光能利用率 气候影响 天水 

分 类 号：S161.1[农业科学—农业气象学]