坑道空气污染评价及改善措施  

Evaluation of Air Pollution in Tunnels and the Improved Measures

作　　者：张永良[1] 侯小平[1] 关宏坤[1] 苏青平[2] 周聚中[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军第251医院 [2]中国人民解放军66455部队工化处

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2010年第11期2142-2144,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：北京军区"十一五"科研课题(06BJ005)

摘　　要：目的在坑道空气质量调查基础上,对坑道空气污染状况及危害性进行评价并提出改善措施,为战时或特殊情况下人员进驻提供科学依据。方法对坑道内空气细菌总数、真菌数、真菌毒素、厌氧菌数及部分坑道的床垫、地面、墙壁等物体表面进行真菌检测。结果坑道空气真菌污染十分普遍,有的非常严重,以半密闭型坑道真菌浓度最高为(5 950±3 522)cfu/m3,房间为(9 500±4 128)cfu/m3。坑道医院内床垫表面真菌高达116 400 cfu/cm2,地面为12 300cfu/cm2,墙壁为890 cfu/cm2。结论坑道空气污染尤其是真菌污染严重,人员进驻前必须进行坑道通风,增加进入坑道特别是进入坑道房间内的新风量,必要时进行彻底的空气消毒,减少空气真菌对坑道内固定设施、战备物资及进驻人员健康的不利影响。Objective To evaluate the air pollution and its perniciousness and point some improved measures based on air quality research of the tunnels,and to provide a basis for personnel＇s entrance in wartime or under some special conditions. Methods The total bacteria,fungi,fungal-toxin,and anaerobic bacteria in the air of the tunnels,and the fungi number of some objects＇ surface in part of tunnels,such as mattress,ground and wall were detected. Results Air fungi pollution was extremely universal in tunnels.Some tunnels＇ pollution was very severe,the number of fungi in the half-closed tunnel was the highest（5,950±3,522 cfu/m^3）,the number of fungi in the room was 9,500±4,128 cfu/m^3.The number of fungi in the mattress of tunnel hospital ran up to 116,400 cfu/m^2.The number of fungi on the ground was 12,300 cfu/m^2.And the number of fungi on the wall was 890 cfu/m^2. Conclusions Air pollution,specially the fungi pollution was severe in the tunnels.Before personnel＇s entrances,ventilation must have been done to augment the new air delivery in tunnel,especially in rooms.And air disinfection should be done in essential situation to degrade the adverse effects on fixed equipments,combat readiness articles and people＇s health which cause by fungi pollution.

关 键 词：坑道 空气污染 真菌 污染评价 改善措施 

分 类 号：R824[医药卫生—临床医学]